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BIT Investment Research: The 2028 Halving Is Not the End; Bitcoin Mining’s True Shakeout Has Just Begun

BIT
特邀专栏作者
2026-06-27 07:30
本文約1263字,閱讀全文需要約2分鐘
From miners’ profitability pressure to business model restructuring, the real shift is turning towards infrastructure value.
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  • Core Viewpoint: The Bitcoin mining industry is currently undergoing a structural adjustment. Miner profitability is deteriorating due to declining block subsidies and lackluster fee income. The sector is transitioning from a “mining business” to an “infrastructure business,” and the 2028 halving will accelerate industry consolidation.
  • Key Factors:
    1. With Bitcoin’s price around $61,000 and the network hashrate approaching 1 ZH/s, the gap between miners’ theoretical daily revenue and actual income reaches 136%, indicating a persistent divergence in profitability.
    2. Calculations show the lower bound of Bitcoin’s production cost is approximately $46,744, with the industry’s overall break-even price around $65,000. Current mining operations can hardly sustain ideal profitability.
    3. Miners’ total revenue in 2025 was about $17.2 billion, of which electricity costs accounted for approximately $12.3 billion, representing 71.5% of total revenue, highlighting significant cost pressure.
    4. The daily average fee income for miners is only $220,000, far below the approximately $9.7 million implied by historical relationships. The income structure has not yet completed its transition to being fee-driven.
    5. After the 2028 halving, the lower bound of production cost is expected to rise to around $93,289, accelerating the concentration of the industry towards well-capitalized, diversified institutional mining companies.
    6. Mining companies are shifting from pure mining to infrastructure operators, with the key area of competition evolving from hashrate expansion to business models, such as energy management and AI/HPC computing power hosting.

當前比特幣礦業正經歷協議誕生以來最複雜的一輪結構性調整。儘管比特幣價格仍維持在約 61,000 美元,全網算力接近 1 ZH/s、處於歷史高位附近,但礦工盈利能力卻持續惡化。生產成本、手續費收入、算力擴張以及行業安全預算等多個指標均顯示,當前礦業已運行在接近盈虧平衡的邊緣,而 2028 年減半或將進一步加速行業出清。

從當前數據來看,礦業面臨的問題已不僅來自減半帶來的區塊補貼下降,更在於行業收入結構尚未完成向手續費驅動的過渡。與此同時,越來越多礦企正開始從單純的比特幣生產者,轉向基礎設施運營商、能源運營商以及 AI/HPC 算力基礎設施提供商。在這一過程中,礦業競爭的重點也正逐漸從算力擴張轉向商業模式升級。

盈利能力持續承壓:礦業經濟模型進入重估階段

PoW 難度/發行量模型顯示,比特幣當前生產成本下沿約為 46,744 美元。歷史上,每當價格跌至這一水平附近,往往意味著邊際礦工開始退出市場,並對應週期性底部形成。但當前更值得關注的是,礦工收入與比特幣價格已出現歷史上首次持續性背離。

數據顯示,在約 61,000 美元的比特幣價格下,全網礦工理論日收入應約 7,800 萬美元,而實際僅約 3,300 萬美元,理論收入較實際高出約 136%。與此同時,全網算力已接近 1 ZH/s,手續費收入卻持續低迷,目前日均僅約 22 萬美元,遠低於歷史關係所隱含的約 970 萬美元。隨著減半持續壓縮新增發行,比特幣礦業正面臨越來越大的盈利壓力。

從挖礦到基礎設施:2028 年減半或推動行業重構

除了收入下降,礦企成本壓力同樣不斷增加。2025 年,比特幣礦工總收入約 172 億美元,其中僅電力成本便約 123 億美元,佔總收入 71.5%;全球礦機硬體投資約 45 億美元。綜合測算,目前行業整體盈虧平衡價格約為 65,000 美元,意味著在當前價格附近,僅依靠挖礦業務已難以維持理想盈利水平。

預計 2028 年減半後,比特幣生產成本下沿將進一步升至約 93,289 美元,行業將加速向少數大型、資本實力雄厚且收入來源多元化的礦企集中。相比依賴區塊獎勵的傳統礦工,擁有低成本電力資源、AI/HPC 算力託管業務以及更強資產負債表能力的機構化礦企,或將在新一輪週期中獲得更強競爭優勢。

整體來看,比特幣礦業正在經歷從「挖礦業務」向「基礎設施業務」的深刻轉型。隨著區塊補貼持續下降,僅依賴比特幣生產已難以支撐長期盈利,行業未來將更加依賴能源管理、AI/HPC 算力託管等多元化收入來源。對於投資者而言,真正值得關注的不只是減半本身,而是哪些礦企能夠完成商業模式轉型,並在新的行業格局中建立更具韌性的競爭優勢。

上述部分觀點來自 BIT on Target,與我們聯繫獲取 BIT on Target 完整報告。

免責聲明:市場有風險,投資需謹慎。本文不構成投資建議。數位資產交易可能具有極大的風險和不穩定性。投資決策應在仔細考慮個人情況並諮詢金融專業人士後做出。BIT 不對基於本內容所提供資訊的任何投資決策負責。

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