How to make Zhang Xiaolong willing to develop DApp?
Text | Edited by Wang Zelong | Produced by Bi Tongtong | PANews
Text | Edited by Wang Zelong | Produced by Bi Tongtong | PANews
Under the influence of the epidemic, the game rushed to the top of the "stay-at-home economy". According to media reports, during the Spring Festival, "Glory of the King" only spent 2 billion yuan on the 30th day of the Chinese New Year. Internet games are popular, but blockchain game DApps are no longer popular. The reason is still the performance status of the underlying infrastructure.
"It's difficult to get out after a long time, and I still hold the pipa half-hidden", which is just like the status quo of the underlying performance of the blockchain. Low performance not only discourages DApp developers, but is also scoffed at by Internet engineers.
In order to expand capacity and improve efficiency without considering reducing the degree of decentralization of the main network, layering is currently a widely recognized method.
The Layer0 expansion plan involves the transformation of the interaction between the blockchain and the underlying protocol TCP/IP (for most blockchain projects), such as the optimization of the P2P network and the transmission mechanism, and the technical difficulty is too high. There is a well-formed solution; the progress of Layer 1 expansion, which is represented by sharding, is hesitating, and the upper limit of the "top-tier" public chains Bitcoin and Ethereum has been stuck at tens of TPS for a long time.
The dilemma between Layer0 and Layer1 is obviously difficult to relieve in the short term. It may be a good springboard to focus on adjusting Layer 2, transform and upgrade the contract layer and application layer, so that contracts and DApps can handle high-frequency business, perform complex calculations or store large amounts of data, and match real business needs.
Cartesi focuses on this, cleverly integrates external potential energy, leverages the Linux operating system with decades of technology accumulation, and transfers massive and complex computing tasks to the latter for processing, and only contract verification and reward and punishment judgments are performed on the chain.
Capital with a keen sense of smell has voted in favor of Cartesi in the primary market. PANews exclusively learned that as of January 2020, a number of well-known investment institutions in and outside the industry, including SNZ Holding, FBG Capital, Leading Capital, SOSV, etc., have invested a total of about RMB 10 million in Cartesi. It is reported that Cartesi’s second round of financing is still in progress, and many institutions are vying for investment opportunities, which are expected to reach a scale of 3 million US dollars.
Leverage mature potential energy to solve three problems
A few days ago, Creepts, the world's first fully decentralized tower defense competition game, was launched. The game is built on the Layer 2 blockchain solution created by Cartesi. As a Layer 2 that integrates powerful computing potential and complete contract functions, Cartesi supports Creepts to become a decentralized, fraud-proof tournament game. Players can automatically obtain real scores with the smart contract provided by Cartesi, and fraudsters will be disqualified from the game. More importantly, games such as Creepts contain the calculation of billions of program instructions, which is significantly higher than the capabilities of general public chains. It is with the help of Cartesi that Creepts can run game logic off-chain while maintaining strong security and decentralization of the blockchain.
The emergence of Layer 2 solutions is mainly due to the low resource ceiling of Layer 1, and resources and applications such as computing, storage, games, and video are difficult to roll out on Layer 1. Therefore, the functions of Layer 1 are greatly simplified, and only the core roles of final settlement and dispute resolution are reserved, while Layer 2 is responsible for handling specific businesses.
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Blockchain Hierarchy | Source: Huobi Research
So far, with Cartesi, blockchain applications get rid of the dilemma of not being able to use mainstream software libraries and services unless the decentralized nature of blockchain is sacrificed, making the development of DApps reach industrial-level programmability.
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The huge ecosystem of Linux | Source: Linux official website
The second problem to be solved is that due to the insufficient performance of the infrastructure, the block chain cannot complete the heavy calculation of a large amount of data.
On Cartesi, the computational throughput is not limited by the capabilities of the consensus mechanism, so it is possible to run massive computations and bootstrap an entire operating system. Moreover, Cartesi tries to achieve local unification of relevant calculations. To be precise, only stakeholders (or agents selected by stakeholders) need to perform intensive off-chain calculations, and the on-chain contract verification ensures the execution results, thereby Solve the extreme redundancy problem inherent in the consensus layer.
Cartesi's strong computing power makes it understandable as an "independent chain" in a sense, supporting private execution. It is worth noting that, unlike other Layer 2 solutions, Cartesi does not require all DApp participants to be online at the same time, which is evident in its user-friendly features.
Currently, Cartesi is mainly built on Ethereum, but as a decentralized general-purpose computing platform, the scalability of its underlying system means that it supports blockchains with any consensus mechanism, and can be rolled out on various blockchains in the future . Cartesi can be verified to have better performance in terms of calculation. In addition, Cartesi is working on efficient solutions in terms of data availability.
This is the third problem it solves, which is to allow users to safely rely on the network without the inconveniences of blockchain technology, such as slow confirmation times and the need to stay online to resolve disputes.
Efficient and sufficient rewards to make up for the shortcomings of Layer2 incentives
If Layer1 wants to play the role of judge well, then the participants of Layer2 obviously need to pledge assets as bargaining chips and incentives to ensure their effective participation. Therefore, Cartesi also introduced tokens (CSTI) as incentives for participants, namely miners, to promote the system. sustainable development.
In terms of project ideas, Truebit is the closest to Cartesi, and both sides roughly practice the same philosophy:
All stakeholders involved in a specific DApp are bound together through a smart contract, and reward good and punish evil through the economic incentive model of the contract. The blockchain becomes the mediator, arbitrating in favor of the honest party, rewarding him with collateral in the hands of the dishonest party.
What makes Cartesi even better is that it circumvents the inefficiencies inherent in Truebit - putting bait into the market with false outcomes in order to incentivize member participation.
In addition to structural incentives, Cartersi has also reserved a sufficient amount of tokens as incentive reserves for miners - 25% of CTSI issuance, or 250 million CSTIs, will be used to bring additional rewards to early adopters and miners, Thus helping to start the Cartesi network. Similar to Bitcoin and Ethereum, the CTSI obtained by miners will decrease geometrically with the passage of time, and the income of miners in the future will mainly consist of service fees.
Cartesi will initially be managed by the foundation and the release mechanism of the mining pool. With the full effect of the circulation and supply of the CTSI and Cartesi network, the network will become more and more decentralized, and the foundation will continue to work on the development of related infrastructure.
In contrast, the major Layer 2 competitors on the market, such as Truebit, Offchain Labs, Loom, etc., lack support for the enabling contract operating system, and all lack mining incentive mechanisms.
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Comparison of Cartesi with major competitors | Source: Cartesi
The threshold for mainstream Internet developers to develop DApp is lowered
“It’s hard to imagine the future of decentralized applications without the infrastructure that Cartesi brings to the ecosystem. With the support of the Cartesi network, it’s easier for developers to develop DApps and enable users to get an experience comparable to Internet applications. "Cartesi co-founder and CEO Erick de Moura previously said in community sharing that based on Cartesi, for mainstream Internet developers to develop decentralized applications, the entry barrier will be even lower.
Before founding Cartesi, CEO Ercik de Moura had been deeply involved in the field of software development for more than 20 years, and had deep skills in software architecture construction, process definition and execution. It is reported that it has collected and processed data from thousands of mobile and infrastructure network devices for major telecommunications companies in South America.
In addition, Cartesi's personnel are widely distributed across South America and Asia. The professionalism of team members is generally high, and they have reserves that cannot be underestimated in terms of technical and commercial capabilities.
The Chief Scientist Augsto and CTO Dego have similar academic and professional experiences. After obtaining their Ph.D. degrees in ETH Zurich and Princeton respectively, they went to the Institute of Pure and Applied Mathematics in Rio to teach until they were associate professors. At the same time, the two have published dozens of publications and academic papers in their academic career so far.
It is particularly worth mentioning that Augsto is not only a mathematician, but also has attainments in cryptoeconomics and has connected the Cartesi architecture to Ethereum and Turing-complete blockchains.
According to LinkedIn information, COO Colin is based in Taiwan. He previously worked in China Accelerator, SOSV and other industry-renowned funds and venture capital. He also has other rich experience in venture capital. Obviously, this will help Cartesi expand in the Asian market. .
