Author: Frank, Foresight News
Author: Frank, Foresight News
On October 12, 2022, Beijing time, Vitalik Buterin participated in the Rollup Day event organized by the Ethereum expansion project Scroll. As one of the peripheral activities of Devcon VI in Bogotá, this event mainly focused on the topic of Ethereum Rollup.
On Rollup Day, Vitalik gave a speech on the theme of multi-proof mechanism - "Hardening rollups with multi-proofs".
Vitalik believes that almost all Rollup solutions are still in the stage of using "training wheels", which means that Rollup at this stage has not yet achieved trustlessness or trust minimization.
An important reason why these Rollups still use "training wheels" is that overly complex codes will increase the attack surface of their systems. Taking the ZK-EVM circuit developed by the PSE team as an example, its code has 34,469 lines.
In view of the fact that in the short to medium term, it is difficult for Rollup code to be completely bug-free, Vitalik listed several alternatives to promote Rollup to be more trust-minimized or even de-trusted.
Rewrite of High Threshold Governance
Solution 1 is to use a high-threshold governance mechanism to decide to override the code.
For example, a 6/8 multi-signature scheme is used to decide whether to rewrite a bug in the code. This high-threshold governance scheme can achieve a certain level of trust minimization, but there is still a risk of collusion.
multiple references
The second option is multi-provers.
Learn from the multi-client mechanism on Ethereum and adopt a multi-proof system (multiple implementations of fraud proofs, or multiple implementations of zkEVM) to prevent network downtime.
If anyone submits two conflicting state roots to the proof program, and both pass, the proof program is closed; if no successful message is passed through a specific proof program within 7 days, the proof program is closed (inspired by smart contract wallet design ).
Two certifiers + governance group
The third option is two provers (fraud proof vs. zk proof) plus a governance group to implement a 2/3 guarantee mechanism (two-provers plus governance tie break).
Its benefits are:
Governance does not have to be trusted (it cannot be contradicted by proofs);
When one proves that there is a loophole in the system, the other system will not be affected;
Ideally, the two proof programs should have very different structures to minimize the chance of simultaneous bugs;
Vitalik also said that "ZK-Proving EVM blocks now take a few hours, but the technology will improve in the future, I believe you, we (in the future) will get ZK Snarks proof within 12 seconds."
In addition, some other industry insiders participated in this Rollup Day event and shared their views.
Among them, Mark Tyneway, co-founder of Optimism, said that "currently no Rollup is censorship-resistant, which means that Rollup has permissionless leader election and non-upgradable smart contracts."
Regarding the MEV issue that has received much attention, Tarun Chitra, founder of Gauntlet Networks, said, "When considering how to move to a decentralized Rollup and a specific decentralized sorter, an undiscussed problem is creating a large number of MEV".
Alex Obadia, a researcher at Flashbots, said, "It is not clear whether an embedded builder separation (proposer-builder separation, PBS) should be implemented in the Ethereum protocol, and there are still some open questions about how PBS will interact with other potential protocol changes. question".
Original link
IOS
Android