Vitalik Buterin published an article titled “Exploring circle STARKs”

Odaily News Vitalik Buterin published an article titled "Exploring circle STARKs". The article stated that the most important trend in STARK protocol design over the past two years has been the shift to operating on a small scale. This shift has led to a significant increase in the speed of proof. Currently, Starkware is able to prove 620,000 Poseidon2 hashes per second on an M3 notebook, which means that if we are willing to trust Poseidon2 as a hash function, then the hardest part of making an efficient ZK-EVM has been effectively solved. Vitalik believes that through the combination of binary field technologies such as Mersenne31, BabyBear, and Binius, we do feel that we are approaching the limits of STARK's "base layer" efficiency. At this point, I expect the forefront of STARK optimization to shift to the most efficient arithmetic operations on primitives such as hash functions and signatures (and optimize these primitives themselves for this purpose), recursive constructions to achieve more parallelization, arithmetic operations on VMs to improve developer experience, and other higher-level tasks.