下一代隱私消息傳遞協議HOPR protocol，如何為元數據隱私安全保駕護航

特邀专栏作者

2021-02-24 11:12

本文約16456字，閱讀全文需要約24分鐘

HOPR是一個允許用戶運行點對點的隱私網絡節點的協議，它可以通過網絡發送數據而無需暴露元數據。

在活動開始前容我先簡單介紹下BlockArk。 BlockArk是一家加密資產行業的投資銀行與市場營銷機構，旗下管理專注加密貨幣一二級基金ArkStream Capital。 BlockArk集投資、品牌、市場增長、戰略諮詢為一體，致力於推動Web3.0的獨角獸們成長。

今天AMA的主題是“下一代隱私消息傳遞協議HOPR protocol如何為元數據隱私安全保駕護航”，嘉賓是HOPR的創始人Dr.Sebastian。

今天的AMA活動分為兩個階段，第一個階段為主題問答，我會提出10個提前準備好的問題，以一問一答的形式進行。 10個問題結束後，會進入第二個階段，自由問答。群友可以對嘉賓自由提問，嘉賓自由選擇其中4-5個問題進行回答。被選中問題的小伙伴，將會共同瓜分價值50U的HOPR token獎勵。

Sebastian博士你好，在開始之前可以先簡單的介紹一下您的團隊和項目嗎？

Hello Dr. Sebastian, can you briefly introduce your team and project before starting?

Sebastian：Hi thanks for having me here, we're a team of 14 people based in Switzerland working on the privacy project HOPR.

嗨，謝謝你邀請我來這裡，我們是一個14人的團隊，總部設在瑞士，致力於隱私項目HOPR。

Jimmi：Thanks to Dr. Sebastian’s introduction, Let's start!

感謝Dr. Sebastian的介紹，我們AMA的提問環節正式開始!

Jimmi：The first question! Please briefly describe the HOPR protocol. For example, what can HOPR do? What is metadata? What is the significance of metadata privacy protection? What is the background to HOPR’s founding?

第一個問題，請您簡單的描述一下HOPR Protocol是什麼，它是在什麼樣的背景下誕生的？它能做什麼？元數據什麼？元數據隱私保護的意義是什麼？

Sebastian：The HOPR protocol allows users to run nodes which form a peer-to-peer privacy network. Data can be sent through the network without exposing the metadata — information like who sent and received the data, when it was sent, and how much and what kind of data was involved. This is vital, because metadata can be used by malicious actors in all kinds of attacks, from hacks to unwanted user profiling.

HOPR是一個允許用戶運行點對點的隱私網絡節點的協議，它可以通過網絡發送數據而無需暴露元數據。元數據可以描述為發送和接受數據的對象、發送數據時間、發送數據的數量、發送數據的地址等等。保護元數據是至關重要的，因為元數據可以被惡意行為者用於各種網絡攻擊中，比如黑客攻擊或者用戶配置文件攻擊。

HOPR was founded in Switzerland in Spring 2020, we attracted Binance as lead investor in our seed round after having been granted a Binance Fellowship already in 2019.

2020年春季HOPR在瑞士成立，2019年獲得幣安獎學金，同時幣安也是HOPR種子輪的主要投資者。

Jimmi：Very nice answer, Metadata is data used to describe data, most user have been ignoring its value, so their privacy has been leaked, so it makes huge sense to protect metadata privacy .

非常棒的回答，所以說元數據就是用來描述數據的數據，但是大多數的用戶都忽略了它的價值，從而導致自身隱私信息的洩漏。所以HOPR在保護元數據隱私這件事上很有意義。

Jimmi：Next question.Please briefly describe the technical architecture of the HOPR, including the messaging and payment layers. Compared with privacy chat apps such as Telegram and Signal, what does the protocol layer solve?

第二個問題，請簡單解釋一下HOPR Protocol的技術架構，消息層和支付層都承擔什麼功能？與我們熟悉的諸如Telegram, Signal這些隱私聊天APP相比，協議層解決的是哪些問題？

Sebastian：The messaging layer handles data transmission throughout the HOPR network. Data packets “hop” through the network, being mixed at each stage. The HOPR proof-of-relay mechanism ensures that data reaches its destination without anyone knowing the identity of the sender and receiver or the full route the data took.

消息傳遞層是負責處理整個HOPR網絡中的數據傳輸。數據包通過網絡“跳躍”在每個信息傳遞階段混合，並且HOPR的proof-of-relay機制可確保數據到達目的地而無需其他人知道發送方和接收方的身份或數據所經過的完整路徑。

Node runners are rewarded in HOPR tokens for relaying data. This is handled by the payment layer. The payment and messaging layers are deliberately kept separate to ensure that payments can’t be linked to individual messages. This is a common way that metadata is leaked via blockchains, and by severing this link we ensure that HOPR can provide privacy without being a privacy token.

通過運行節點傳遞數據的用戶將會獲得HOPR代幣獎勵，這個是由支付層處理。支付層和消息傳遞層有意分開設置是為了確保付款不會鏈接到單個信息，因為這是一種元數據通過區塊鏈洩漏的常見方式。通過區分消息傳遞層和支付層，我們就可以讓HOPR不用作為隱私代幣就能提供隱私。

Telegram and Signal focus on end-to-end encryption, which is an important part of data privacy, but does little to protect metadata. Metadata exposes your privacy, even if the content of your message is protected.

Telegram and Signal

Telegram 和Signal專注於端到端加密，這是數據隱私保護的重要組成部分，但對元數據的保護作用卻不大。打個比方，即使用戶在使用郵件時的郵件內容受到保護，元數據也會暴露用戶的隱私，比如發件時間、地址、內容大小等。

HOPR isn’t just limited to chat. The messaging layers can handle any kind of data, not just what we’d normally consider “messages” in everyday usage.

消息傳遞層可以處理任何類型的數據，不僅限於我們通常在日常使用的“消息”。

Jimmi：Good answer, The third question is what is the difference between the HOPR protocol and other privacy messaging protocols? Does it only provide privacy for metadata?

非常棒的回答，HOPR和其他的隱私消息傳遞協議有什麼不同？它是只針對元數據的隱私保護嗎？

Sebastian：There are several privacy-preserving messaging protocols but they usually focus on some specific layer or application. For example, Matrix is a fantastic protocol that is used in many real-time communication networks. But with HOPR we are providing a foundation on top of which other protocols can operate with network-level privacy. In this way HOPR is complementary to a lot of protocols like Matrix but HOPR also provides network-level privacy for blockchain application for truly private transactions — on-chain and off-chain, that’s why we call it a layer 0 protocol.

有許多隱私消息傳遞協議通常專注於某些特定的層或應用程序。例如，Matrix是一個很棒的協議，已在許多實時通信網絡中使用。但是，HOPR可以為其他協議在網絡級隱私下運行提供基礎。這樣的話，HOPR就可以創造出許多類似Matrix的協議，並且HOPR也為區塊鏈應用程序提供了網絡級隱私，提供真正的鏈上或者鏈下的私人交易，這就是為什麼我們將HOPR稱為layer 0協議。

Jimmi：We believe the HOPR protocol will be integrated into many DApps and DeFi products in the future as the protocol layer for data privacy transmission. Next question, How will these DApps interact with the HOPR protocol?

我們相信作為數據隱私傳遞的協議層的HOPR Protocol未來會集成到很多的DApp及DeFi產品中，下一個問題是請問這些DApps未來將如何與HOPR Protocol展開合作？

Sebastian：I hope to see integration into Ethereum (and other chains’) wallets, nodes and hosted services. In that way your wallet would send transactions through HOPR to an Ethereum full node or a service provider like Infura or Alchemy without giving them access to information that they should not have in the first place. In a privacy-respecting DeFi world, nobody should know your IP address and know that you, e.g., just sent money to a DEX.

我希望與以太坊上和其他公鏈上的錢包，節點和託管服務集成。這樣用戶的錢包將通過HOPR就可以將交易發送到以太坊上的完整節點或者Infura和Alchemy之類的節點服務提供商，並且不會讓他們有權限去訪問他們本來不應該擁有的用戶信息。在尊重隱私的DeFi世界中，沒有人會知道用戶的IP地址，比如，沒有人會知道某個用戶在某天把數字資產發送到了某個交易所。

Jimmi：Thanks for your clear answer! HOPR received grant support from the Web 3 Foundation in 2019, and gained a lot of attention in the Polkadot ecosystem. On the other hand, you definitely hope that more developers can join you and build a product based on the HOPR protocol. Will it help the developer community and the non-developer community? Do you have plans to cooperate with more developers or the Polkadot project? What are your plans for the next parachain slot auction?

感謝您清楚的解釋！在社區層面，我們看到HOPR在2019年獲得了Web 3基金會的Grant支持，在波卡生態社區獲得了大量的關注。另一方面，你們肯定也希望更多開發者能加入你們，搭建基於HOPR protocol的產品，你們有計劃和更多的開發者或者波卡項目進行合作嗎？對於接下來的平行鏈插槽拍賣你們有何計劃？

Sebastian：HOPR did receive a grant to build a payment layer implementation of HOPR for the Polkadot ecosystem in Substrate. We appreciate the efforts of Polkadot and are actively exploring more scalable chains than mainnet Ethereum. That’s why we also ran testnets on other side chains such as xDAI, Matic, Binance Smart Chain and Ropsten.

HOPR確實獲得了Web 3.0 Grant的撥款，並且構建了Polkadot生態系統以Substrate為模版的HOPR的支付層。我們很感謝Polkadot的努力，我們也正在積極探索除了以太坊主網以外其他的可擴展網絡。這就是為什麼我們還在其他側鏈（例如xDAI，Matic，Binance Smart Chain和Ropsten）上運行測試網的原因。

We plan to support the developer community with APIs, SDKs and developer documentation and tooling and are also looking forward to the first apps that are useful to non-developers.

我們計劃通過API，SDK，開發人員文檔和工具為開發人員社區提供支持，並且也會上線對非開發人員有用的首批應用程序。

Our initial launch will be on Ethereum and maybe other EVM chains first before we explore other chains like Polkadot and therefore we will not participate in the next parachain slot auction.

我們的首次發布將先在以太坊和其他EVM鏈上進行，然後再探索Polkadot等其他鏈，因此我們不會參與下一個平行鏈插槽拍賣。

Jimmi：Very nice answer, the next question is how can users participate in the HOPR ecosystem? What are the benefits for HOPR token holders, and how can they get more tokens?

解釋的非常好，下一個問題是用戶怎樣參與到HOPR生態中去呢？對於代幣持有者來說，如何可以獲得更多收益？

Sebastian：Users can participate in the HOPR network by running a HOPR node. It’s easy to run a node on almost any device, and we also have a plug-and-play hardware node available. Users can stake HOPR tokens to receive more HOPR tokens as a reward for relaying data.

用戶可以通過運行HOPR節點來參與HOPR網絡。用戶可以在任何設備上運行節點，而且我們還提供了即插即用的硬件節點。用戶可以通過質押HOPR代幣就可以接收更多HOPR代幣，作為傳輸數據的獎勵。

Once the HOPR protocol is feature complete, the development team will switch to working on an API which will allow people to build dApps on top of HOPR.

一旦完成HOPR協議的功能，開發團隊將轉而使用戶可以在HOPR之上構建Dapp的API。

Jimmi：Good answer, Next question is related to HOPR token. Does the HOPR token have any functions besides being used for node rewards? For example, is HOPR also a governance token? How will the HOPR token sustain its value in the long run?

很清楚的回答,下一個問題是代幣經濟方面的，請問代幣HOPR除了用於節點獎勵，它也是治理代幣嗎？它還有其他什麼功能嗎？ HOPR的價格長期上漲的邏輯是什麼？

Sebastian：The HOPR token has three main uses: Users can pay with HOPR tokens to send data through the HOPR network privately and securely.

HOPR代幣具有三個主要用途：用戶可以使用HOPR代幣進行支付，以通過HOPR網絡私密安全地發送數據。

Node runners can stake HOPR tokens in their nodes to be rewarded for relaying data. Node runners receive fees in HOPR for the data they help to relay, including a large number of tokens distributed in the form of cover traffic - arbitrary data which helps boost metadata privacy for everyone in the network by obscuring usage levels.

節點運行者可以將HOPR代幣質押節點中，以獲得傳輸數據的獎勵。節點運行者通過以掩護流量形式幫助傳輸大量數據，掩蓋使用級別，從而提高網絡中每個人的元數據隱私性。

Finally, the HOPR token gives users voting power in the HOPR Association DAO, launching at the end of 2021.

最後，HOPR代幣將會賦予社區成員在2021年底啟動的HOPR DAO中的投票權。

As metadata privacy becomes increasingly important, the demand for technology like HOPR is only going to increase. Billions of gigabytes of data are sent every hour, and this figure is only going to grow. This represents an enormous market for HOPR in the medium and long term.

隨著元數據隱私變得越來越重要，對於像HOPR這樣的技術的需求只會增加。當前每小時都會發送數十億千兆字節的數據，並且這個數字只會不斷增長。從中長期來看，HOPR還有巨大市場。

Jimmi：Very nice answer, we also believe the point that metadata privacy will become more important than ever before. Next is the eighth question: According to the roadmap, the HOPR DAO will be launched in the second quarter of this year. Can you explain HOPR’s plan for transitioning to DAO governance? What authority does the current HOPR Genesis DAO hold?

非常棒的回答，我們也相信元數據隱私會在未來變得越來越重要。接下來是第8個問題，在Roadmap上看到，HOPR DAO將在今年第二個季度發布，能否為我們具體講解下HOPR Protocol的DAO治理計劃？當前的HOPR Genesis DAO的治理權限範圍是什麼？

Sebastian：The HOPR Genesis DAO was given full control over the distribution of the 85m tokens in the public allocation fund. This was the sole function of the Genesis DAO, and it performed it admirably. It’s currently uncertain whether the Genesis DAO will be called upon to make new decisions.

HOPR Genesis DAO完全控制了公開募集過程中的8500萬個代幣的分配。這是Genesis DAO目前的唯一功能。目前尚不確定Genesis DAO是否會做出新的決定。

The full HOPR Association DAO will be launching later in the year, in time for our first mandated annual general meeting. This will be a full-blown DAO with tokenized voting for all HOPR token holders. Unlike other projects where token holders are limited to technical decisions like adjusting parameters, we plan to tokenize almost every aspect of HOPR governance. For example, token holders will be able to vote on the constitution of the HOPR board.

完整的HOPR DAO將在今年後半年啟動，屆時我們的也會召開第一次年度社區成員大會。這將會成為一個成熟的DAO組織，對所有HOPR代幣持有者進行代幣化投票。與其他項目（代幣持有者僅限於技術決策，例如調整參數的治理）不同，我們計劃對HOPR治理的幾乎每個方面都進行代幣化。例如，代幣持有者將能夠對HOPR委員會的組成進行投票。

Jimmi：The next question is the one of which investors are most concerned about, We noticed that the HOPR Genesis DAO voted to hold a public token distribution starting on February 21st. The entire process is divided into three stages. Can you tell us more about them?

接下來是投資者最關心的問題之一，我注意到根據HOPR Genesis DAO投票得出代幣公募方案將從本月的21號開始，整個公募過程分為3個階段，能詳細的說明一下這三個階段嗎？這樣安排的好處是什麼？

Sebastian：Certainly. The three phases of the HOPR public launch are designed to balance rewarding our loyal community, finding a price for the HOPR token and establishing long-term liquidity.

當然！ HOPR公開發行的三個階段目的是為了獎勵我們的早期的社區成員，並也是為了HOPR代幣建立價格發現和提供長期的流動性。

In Phase 1, Genesis DAO members were able to buy an equal share of 50 million HOPR tokens (16,000 each).

在第1階段，Genesis DAO成員能夠平等地購買5000萬個HOPR代幣（每個地址16,000個）。

In Phase 2, 30 million HOPR tokens will be placed in a Balancer Liquidity Bootstrapping Pool, balanced against the capital raised in Phase 1. This is the first time the HOPR token will be publicly available and will serve as a price-finding exercise. Phase 2 runs from February 24th to February 27th.

在第2階段中，將在Balancer流動性池中放置3000萬個HOPR代幣，與第1階段中籌集的資金保持平衡。這是HOPR代幣首次公開發行，也是HOPR代幣一次價格發現，第二階段從2月24日持續到2月27日。

Finally, in Phase 3 the DAI and HOPR in the LBP at the end of Phase 2 will be transferred to a Uniswap pool, along with 5 million HOPR tokens provided as liquidity mining incentives.

最後，在第3階段中，LBP的DAI和HOPR在第2階段結束時將被轉移到Uniswap池中，同時提供500萬個HOPR代幣作為流動性挖礦的獎勵。

Jimmi：Very clear answer. Next is the final question of stage one. The most recent HOPR testnet, Titlis, was launched on January 19th, the first time the messaging and payment layers were tested simultaneously. Can you briefly describe the performance of the testnet? Did it meet your expectations?

回答的很清楚，接下來是最後一個問題，從你們的medium中了解到，HOPR Protocol主網上線之前的最後一個測試網Titlis在1月19號就啟動了，並且同時運行了消息層和支付層，到目前為止也運行了整整一個月了，能簡單的聊一下測試網得到的數據結果表現如何？符合你們的預期嗎？

Sebastian：Our testnets have all been a great success, and Titlis was no exception. We had over 1,000 participants and were able to conduct some great load testing on the network, including seeing how certain features like automatic route finding and channel opening behave at scale, something which we’re unable to do internally.

我們的測試網都取得了巨大的成功，Titlis 也不例外。我們有1000多名參與者，並且在網絡上進行一些很棒的負載測試，比如自動路由查找和渠道開放等某些功能的大規模運行，這是單單靠我們內部團隊是無法做到的。

The dev team have used this data to finalise our HOPR Jungfrau release, which is due to go live before the end of the month.

開發團隊將使用這些數據來最終確定我們的HOPR Jungfrau版本，該版本將在本月底前發布。

Jimmi：Thanks to the Dr.Sebastian for his wonderful sharing. Our first stage of the theme Q&A comes to an end, and then we enter the free Q&A stage. Group friends can freely ask questions to guests, and guests are free to choose 4-5 questions to answer. The small partners who are selected for the question will share a reward of 50U worth of HOPR tokens. Then our freedom issue now begins.

【自由問答環節】

問：Is the principle of metadata privacy protection the same as that of tonardo? Can anonymous transactions be realized by HOPR?

請問元數據隱私和tonardo的原理一樣嗎，可以實現匿名交易嗎？

Sebastian：There are several on-chain privacy projects such as Tornado Cash, Zcash and many others. So far, they are all lacking a network-level privacy solution for full-stack privacy. Privacy is only really meaningful if it is seen holistically and thus HOPR is complementary to all these on-chain solutions and in an ideal world you would broadcast your Tornado tranasactions through HOPR.

有幾個鏈上隱私項目，例如Tornado Cash，Zcash等其他項目。到目前為止，他們都缺少用於全棧式的網絡級隱私解決方案。整體來看，完整的隱私才是真正有意義的，因此HOPR是所有這些鏈上解決方案的補充，並且在理想的情況下，用戶應該通過HOPR來傳遞Tornado 的交易。

問：When and how does hopr node mining run? Will the members of Genesis Dao become nodes?

HOPR節點的挖礦什麼時候怎麼運行，創世Dao的成員會變成節點嗎？

Sebastian：HOPR node runners will not actually run a miner but a relayer - they are relaying traffic on the HOPR network and are rewarded for that in HOPR tokens. The HOPR network will launch next week after token distribution finished. But cover traffic incentives (similar to staking rewards) will only be active in 2-3 months so that we can have a smooth soft-launch of the protocol.

Anyone who has HOPR tokens is encouraged to run a HOPR node.

HOPR節點運行程序實際上不會運行挖礦而是中繼程序-他們在HOPR網絡上傳送流量，並為此獲得HOPR代幣獎勵。代幣分發完成後，HOPR網絡將在下週啟動。但是獎勵措施（類似於質押獎勵）會在2-3個月內生效，以便我們可以順利進行協議的軟啟動。我們鼓勵所有具有HOPR代幣的人運行HOPR節點。

問：Because your tilt test network has the most comprehensive data and the longest test time, using the BSC network, will it be integrated into the BSC public chain first?

因為你們的tilt測試網的數據最全面，測試時間也是最長的，用的是BSC網絡，所以接下來會首先集成到BSC公鏈上嗎？

Sebastian：After HOPR has crashed the Binance Smart Chain endpoint we will not launch on BSC but will actually work on the xDAI chain for launch. But mid term we hope that the gas fees on Ethereum will go back to much lower levels (for example with Layer 2 solutions such as Optimism) and we will be able to run HOPR on main net Ethereum.

HOPR使Binance Smart Chain端點崩潰後，我們將不會在BSC上啟動，實際上我們將在xDAI鏈上啟動。但是從中期來看，我們希望以太坊的汽油費能夠回到更低的水平（例如，使用諸如Optimism之類的第2層解決方案），並且我們希望能夠在主要以太坊上運行HOPR。

問：How is the initial ratio of LBP determined? Is it the first phase of the fundraising xDAI and 30 million HOPR?

LBP的初始比例是怎麼確定的呀，是用第一階段的募資xDAI和3000萬的HOPR嗎？

Sebastian：The initial price on LBP is determined by the LBP mechanism: All xDAI raised in the public presale is converted into DAI and then together with all available HOPR token (30'000'000) the starting price is determined by the maximal weights (96:4) which leads to a starting price of $1.9 on LBP. However, it is important to understand that the starting price has no meaning for an actual market price. We do not recommend anyone to buy the starting price. Wait for LBP price to get lower and if nobody buys then the price should be at reasonable levels within 12-24 hours after start. That is the way how a price finding starts and that is why we think Balancer LBP is the best way to launch a token in early 2021 (year of the `0x` :)

LBP的初始價格由LBP機制確定：在公開預售中籌集的所有xDAI都將轉換為DAI，然後與所有可用的HOPR代幣（30'000'000）一起由最大權重確定起始價格（96： 4）這導致LBP的起始價格為1.9美元。但是，重要的是要了解起價對實際市場價格沒有意義。我們不建議任何人購買起價。等待LBP價格降低，如果沒有人購買，那麼價格應在開始後的12-24小時內處於合理水平。這就是發現價格的方式，這就是為什麼我們認為Balancer LBP是2021年初（`0x年:)發行代幣的最佳方法的原因。

問：Do I still have a chance to become a member of genesis Dao?

請問現在還有機會成為genesis Dao 成員嗎？

Sebastian：Unfortunately you cannot become a member of the Genesis DAO anymore. The Genesis DAO is available to eveyone who participated in the HOPR testnets - a total amount of 3344 people, over 90% of them participated in the this presale, so this was a huge success that we really did not expect and we are looking forward to the next phase of the HOPR token launch on Balancer LBP that is open to everybody.

不幸的是你不能再成為創世道的一員了。 GenesisDAO提供給每一個參與HOPR測試網的人——總共有3344人，超過90%的人參與了本次預售，因此，這是一個巨大的成功，我們真的沒有想到，我們期待著下一階段的HOPR令牌推出LBP是開放給大家。

Sebastian：Thank you for hosting us here, we're looking forward to see you all on LBP & Uniswap very soon :-)

感謝您在這裡接待我們，我們期待很快在LBP&Uniswap見到您：-）

Jimmi：Great, the AMA is over today，thanks to Dr.Sebastian's sharing.

好的，今天的AMA就到這裡結束了，再次感謝Dr.Sebastianfor的精彩分享，額外獲獎的小伙伴可以私聊sumi@BlockArk小助手登記信息，謝謝大家積極參與！

大家也可以去關註一下HOPR的官網和社區，以獲取更多信息

HOPR官網：hoprnet.org

HOPR社區電報:http://t.me/hoprnet

HOPR微信公眾號：HOPR

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