Original compilation: Karen, Foresight News

Today, LayerZero announced the launch of V2, bringing permissionless, censorship-resistant, and immutable interoperability to more than 20 chains.

LayerZero V2 core protocol design

According to the LayerZero V2 white paper, there are four components in V2, including an immutable endpoint that enables censorship resistance, an append-only collection of on-chain verification modules (MessageLib registry), and a decentralized set of cross-chain verification data. Verification Network (DVN) permissionless collection, and permissionless executors (executing functional logic independently of the cross-chain message verification context).

From a process perspective, LayerZero is divided into execution layer and verification layer. The verification layer securely transmits data between chains, and the execution layer interprets this data to form a secure, censorship-resistant messaging channel. Isolation of the executor from any validation-related code minimizes the possibility of introducing an attack surface into security-critical code.

With a permissionless, configurable authentication model implemented in LayerZero, anyone can operate their own DVN and integrate it with LayerZero without permission. The permissionless nature of executors also ensures that channel activity can be restored in the event of executor failure and completely decouples protocol activity from any single organization or entity.

What are the highlights of LayerZero V2?

As mentioned above, LayerZero V2 divides message verification and execution into two different stages. Developers can have more control over their application security configuration and independent execution. According to LayerZero, V2 highlights include:

1. Universal messaging: Any type of message can be sent and written between chains, including arbitrary data, external function calls and/or tokens;

2. Modular security: When developers choose a security stack to verify cross-chain messages, they can choose from a preferred combination of more than 20 decentralized verification networks (DVN);

3. Execution without permission: Anyone can run the executor in V2;

4. Unified semantics: OApp and OFT contracts enable developers to build applications and tokens in the same way across every blockchain V2 with endpoints;

5. V1 compatibility: There is a migration option for V1 applications. If already deployed on V1, applications can take advantage of the new security and execution model through ULN 301.

What changes have occurred in the core protocol architecture of LayerZero V2?

According to the LayerZero V2 documentation, because LayerZero V2 separates message validation (handled by the security stack) and execution, message nonces can now be executed out of order while still remaining censorship resistant. By default, subsequent message flows will continue to be delivered and executed even if the execution of the previous message fails. This out-of-order messaging can provide the highest possible message throughput by using improved on-chain nonce tracking.

LayerZero V2 also significantly improves programmability in a number of ways, such as;

1. Simplify the protocol contract interface and reduce the complexity of sending and receiving messages through the protocol;

2. The path-specific library in Endpoint V2 enables developers to configure different MessageLibs for specific paths, thereby providing greater flexibility and customization for applications;

3. Horizontal composability.

In terms of interaction gas efficiency, which developers and ordinary users are more concerned about, LayerZero said that the V2 contract standards have been reorganized to reduce the inherent gas cost of the basic contract. In addition, V2 also optimizes the compiler to reduce the Gas cost of deployment and execution.

In terms of chain compatibility, LayerZero V2 improves chain compatibility through full-chain design (Chain-Agnostic Design), improved Gas payment options, and specific library default values, helping OApp (full-chain application) developers to design cross-EVM A single application architecture unified with non-EVM chains.

Source: https://docs.layerzero.network/explore/layerzero-v2https://medium.com/@LayerZero_Labs/layerzero-v2-is-live-740290 f 2d be 6