Rollup-as-a-Service (RaaS) Opportunities: From Multi-chain to Multi-rollup
Original Author: nanfengpo
Original title: Rollup as a Service: Opportunities and Challenges
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From Cosmos Network - Internet of Blockchains[4] and Getting Started · Polkadot Wiki[5]
Later, a more secure extension technique called rollup emerged. rollup compresses the transaction of layer 2 into a "batch", uploads it to layer 1, and proves the validity of the state transition of layer 1 through fraud proof (such as Optimistic-rollup) or validity proof (such as ZK-rollup) sex. Since the availability of data and the validity of the state are verified at layer 1, rollup obtains the same level of security as layer 1, ensuring that assets can be safely transferred between layer 1 and layer 2.
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General-purpose and application-specific rollups from https://l2beat.com/[7]
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Challenges of Building RaaS
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engineering
First, let's talk about the rollup SDK. People can quickly deploy some configuration and start rollup based on the SDK. To avoid reinventing the wheel, open source rollup is a better choice for SDK development. For Optimistic-rollup, both Arbitrum and Optimism are open source. From L2beat, we can see that both Metis and Boba are developed on the basis of Optimism's code. In contrast, the degree of open source of ZK-rollup is not high. ZkSync released the full code of v1 [11], but v2 only has the contract code [12] (zkEVM embedded). StarkEx only releases the contract code [13] and provides other modules to third parties through a closed source code. StartNet only provides Cairo's code [14].
Although optimistic-rollup systems have more mature codebases and better support for EVM, the inherent nature of fraud proofs makes them far behind ZK-rollup systems in terms of finality and security. ZK-rollup layer 2 transactions are completed immediately after layer 1 is proven, while Optimistic-rollup layer 2 transactions take several days to complete due to the challenge period. Optimistic-rollup, on the other hand, requires more security assumptions: at least 1-out-of-N honest operators to guarantee fraud proof submission, and a censorship-resistant layer 1 to guarantee fraud proof acceptance.
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secondary title" An overview of zkEVM[15] "
performance
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How EIP-4488 and Proto-danksharding will increase the block size, source: Vitalik's" Proto-Danksharding FAQ[18] "
In terms of ZK-rollup, TPS is also limited by the calculation speed of ZKP. Paradigm and 6block have different hardware options on GPU, FPGA and ASIC to accelerate computation. In addition, 6block compared several software architectures for ZKP distributed computing, including mining pools, proof aggregation, and DIZK. ZPrize[19], an upcoming competition, also motivates developers to find valuable solutions to speed up ZKP computations.
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economic model
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rollups and their fees, from https://l2fees.info/[28]
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functional aspects
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A future blockchain architecture described by Vitalik in "Endgame" [31], with multiple rollup and cross-rollup bridges
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epilogue
reference link
reference link
[1] https://ibc.cosmos.network/
[2] https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/learn-crosschain
[3] https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/learn-bridges
[4] https://v1.cosmos.network/intro
[5] https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/getting-started
[6] https://starkware.co/starkex/
[7] https://l2beat.com/
[8] https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/a-rollup-centric-ethereum-roadmap/4698
[9] https://medium.com/starkware/fractal-scaling-from-l2-to-l3-7fe238ecfb4f
[10] https://medium.com/p/7fe238ecfb4f
[11] https://github.com/matter-labs/zksync
[12] https://github.com/matter-labs/v2-testnet-contracts
[13] https://github.com/starkware-libs/starkex-contracts
[14] https://github.com/starkware-libs/cairo-lang
[15] https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SyOXq8CtoEOKplw0KxazAL_YySdpsP62/view
[16] https://hackmd.io/@vbuterin/sharding_proposal#Why-is-data-availability-important-and-why-is-it-hard-to-solve
[17] https://github.com/ethereum/requests-for-proposals/blob/e8eed947a35d966027f47dfdd6c556089228642d/open-rfps/das.md
[18] https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/proto_danksharding_faq
[19] https://www.zprize.io/
[20] https://medium.com/offchainlabs/arbitrum-one-outage-report-d365b24d49c
[21] https://offchain.medium.com/todays-arbitrum-sequencer-downtime-what-happened-6382a3066fbc
[22] https://docs.zksync.io/userdocs/decentralization.html
[23] https://community.starknet.io/t/starknet-decentralization-tendermint-based-suggestion/998
[24] https://ethresear.ch/t/proof-of-efficiency-a-new-consensus-mechanism-for-zk-rollups/11988
[25] https://ethresear.ch/t/a-design-of-decentralized-zk-rollups-based-on-eip-4844/12434
[26] http://taikocha.in/
[27] https://community.optimism.io/docs/governance/
[28] https://l2fees.info/
[29] https://twitter.com/epolynya/status/1511623759786307586
[30] https://newsletter.banklesshq.com/p/how-to-hop-between-chains
[31] https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/12/06/endgame.html
