Ledger CTO Analyzes Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration, Blockchain Favors Hash-Based Signature Schemes

Odaily Odaily reports that Ledger Chief Technology Officer Charles Guillemet pointed out that the development of post-quantum cryptography has entered a critical stage. Although the timeline for a practical quantum computer remains unclear, a full-scale migration of the encryption systems across the industry is an inevitable trend. Led by NIST, the traditional sector plans to phase out high-risk algorithms by 2030 and completely ban them by 2035, with government and enterprise institutions expected to complete their migration layouts by 2029. Encryption and key exchange will adopt ML-KEM to defend against quantum decryption attacks on harvested data, with digital signatures becoming the core of blockchain transformation. The traditional industry prefers ML-DSA hybrid schemes, while the blockchain sector favors the more secure and robust SLH-DSA hash-based signature. Both schemes have their respective advantages and disadvantages. The compatibility challenges of post-quantum algorithms with MPC and threshold signatures remain a key risk that the industry urgently needs to address.