What is the blockchain that the Politburo learned for the 18th time?

Editor's Note: This article comes fromStar Media STARMEDIA (ID: Star_Media1), Author: Xing Xiaobai, published by Odaily with authorization.

Editor's Note: This article comes from

Star Media STARMEDIA (ID: Star_Media1)

, Author: Xing Xiaobai, published by Odaily with authorization.

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What exactly does blockchain technology refer to?

Blockchain technology refers to the technology of collectively maintaining a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. Blockchain technology is not a single, brand-new technology, but an integration of various existing technologies, mainly including "block + chain", including data structure, distributed storage, encryption algorithm, consensus Mechanism four core technologies.

For example, the process of blockchain is like a process of "stringing beads". The operation of the chain is like continuously stringing new beads on a time-based ray, that is, new blocks are constantly added to the chain, and all Blocks are strung together in chronological order to form a blockchain. Of course, the "chain" does not really exist, but it is based on the principles of cryptography and time stamps to highlight the sequence in time, and the "block" is not an intuitive bead, but a network transaction data packet with the ability to store information. The data packet can contain information such as transfer transaction data, smart contract code or execution data.

What are the characteristics of blockchain?

Safety

Anonymous

Since the data exchange between each node of the blockchain follows a fixed and predictable algorithm, the blockchain network does not require trust and endorsement, and can directly exchange point-to-point data based on addresses rather than personal identities.

Autonomous

The blockchain adopts an established mechanism based on consensus, so that all nodes in the entire system can be free in a trustless environment.

Safety

Exchange data, record data, and update data in a timely manner, and any human intervention will not work.

Openness

The blockchain system is open, and any node can own the general ledger of the entire network. In addition to the private data information of all parties directly related to the chain must be encrypted by asymmetric encryption technology, the data of the blockchain is open to all nodes, so The entire system information is highly transparent.

The digital nature of distributed ledgers means that blockchain transactions can be linked to computational logic and are inherently programmable. Thus, users can set algorithms and rules that automatically trigger transactions between nodes.

Traceability

After the information of the blockchain is added to the blockchain through consensus, it is recorded by all nodes, and it is guaranteed by cryptography that it is interrelated and cannot be tampered with. Therefore, the blockchain stores the genesis block through the block data structure After all the historical data, any piece of data on the blockchain can be traced back to its origin through the chain structure.

Collectively Maintain

The blockchain system is jointly maintained by all nodes with maintenance functions, and all nodes can query blockchain data and develop related applications through open interfaces.

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What types of blockchains are there?

According to the scope of application, it can be divided into public chain, alliance chain and private chain.

The public chain is generally 2C. Any node is open to anyone. Everyone can participate in the calculation of this blockchain, and anyone can download and obtain the complete blockchain data, that is, all ledgers.

Consortium Blockchain

The alliance chain is generally 2B, which means that the authority of each participating node is completely equal, and each node can realize the trusted exchange of data without complete mutual trust. Each node of the alliance chain usually has a corresponding entity Institutions and organizations can only join or exit the network after authorization. The alliance chain is a model of alliance between companies and companies, organizations and organizations.

Private Blockchain Private Blockchain

In some blockchain application scenarios, developers do not want anyone to participate in the system, so they establish a private blockchain that is not open to the public and only authorized nodes can participate and view all data. Private chains are generally applicable to internal data management and auditing of specific organizations.

According to the deployment mechanism, blockchain can be divided into main chain and test chain.

Main chain or main network Main net

Blockchains, especially public chains, have a main network and a test network. The main network is a trusted blockchain network recognized by the blockchain community, and its transaction information is recognized by all members. Valid blocks will be added to the block ledger of the main network after the consensus of the blockchain network. The main network has high requirements on the stability and security level of the network, and it must be an open network that has gone through multiple tests and has no problems.

Test chain or test network Test net

The test chain has the same functions as the main network, but its main purpose is for testing. Since the test chain is built to try out new ideas without breaking the main chain, it is only used for testing purposes, so the test coins on the test chain have no transaction value. Bitcoin's test chain has undergone multiple resets to discourage the use of its test coins for transactional and speculative purposes.

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