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, authored by Carol and Bi Tongtong, reproduced by Odaily with authorization.

From the public chain financing craze that started in 2017, to the launch of the mainnet in 2018, and to the belated star public chain handing over the report card in 2019, middleware has become popular. As the infrastructure of the industry, the public chain has been developed from a hundred chains, and has unknowingly entered the stage of the stock game.

PAData selected 35 public chain projects among the top 100 in CoinMarketCap’s market value (note: decentralized bookkeeping, tokens are not built on the bottom layer of another public chain), and the top 20 public chain projects by market value are the top asset projects , the public chain projects ranked 21-100 in market value are waist asset projects. By sorting out and analyzing the Github data, on-chain data, and social media data of these projects, we will take stock of the 2019 "most public chains".

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1. Who is the most active public chain in technology development? Bitcoin is far ahead of many waist public chains with active development

Technology is the most important criterion for measuring public chain projects. 32 of the 35 public chain projects have open-sourced their source code on Github [1]. PAData counts the total number of Stars, total number of Forks and annual code submissions of these projects The number of times is used to comprehensively observe the development activity of public chain projects.

The number of Stars refers to the number of developers who are followed. The higher the number, the more popular the document is with developers and the higher the technical gold content. As of December 27, among the 32 public chain projects, Bitcoin has more than 40,000 Stars, far more than other public chain projects. Both Ethereum and EOS also have more than 10,000 Stars, reaching about 25,000 and 11,000 respectively. Bitcoin, Ethereum, and EOS are the three most popular public chains for developers.

Although the top 100 projects by market value are already representative projects with better liquidity among the numerous blockchain projects, these projects still show a very obvious pattern of differentiation. From the perspective of the number of Stars, except for Bitcoin, Ethereum, and EOS, the number of Stars in other public chain projects is no more than 5,000. The smallest TomoChain has only 27 Stars, and V Systems, Litecoin, and Bitcoin Diamond are all less than 100.

Looking at domestic public chains, NEO is the most popular among developers, with a total of 2,928 Stars, followed by TRON, Bytom, and Qtum. Also worthy of attention is the waist asset public chain Nano, which has a total of 2,612 Stars and is the most popular among developers in the waist asset public chain.

The number of forks is another indicator to measure the technical gold content of open source documents. The more the number, the more times the code is cited, and the more popular it is for developers. From the statistical results, the distribution of the number of Forks of public chain projects is basically the same as that of Star. Bitcoin, Ethereum, and EOS are the three public chains that have been forked the most, and have been cited 16,700 times, 8,500 times, and 3,200 times respectively. None of the other project codes have been cited 1,000 times. NEO is the public chain that has been forked the most times among domestic public chains, with a total of 865 forks. Among the top 10 public chain projects with the number of forks, BitShares ranked 10th, with a total of 533 citations.

In terms of the number of code submissions this year, TRON has submitted 4,182 times throughout the year, with an average of 11.45 times per day, which is the public chain with the most submissions among all public chain projects. It was followed by Bitcoin and EOS, with 3374 and 2508 submissions respectively throughout the year.

Judging from the groups of the head asset project and the waist asset project, this year, the code submission of the waist asset project is very active. IOST, Aeternity, OmiseGO, Waves, Qtum, Bitcoin Diamond, and Tomochain ranked 4th to 10th, with more than 1,100 code submissions throughout the year. Among them, Aeternity also set a record of 234 submissions in a single day in the whole year.

On the contrary, some of the leading asset projects that were established earlier did not have a high number of code submissions this year. For example, NEM, the least, only submitted 4 times this year, Dogecoin only submitted 61 times, and DigiByte only submitted 103 times. Vechain, whose currency price soared by 122% at the end of October, only submitted 219 submissions this year, with a daily average of 0.58 submissions. Among the last 10 projects with the number of code submissions in the year, well-known domestic public chain projects accounted for three. In addition to Vechain, there are Ontology and Bytom.

However, it should be pointed out that the number of code submissions does not reflect the quality of the code. If a project with low-quality code is submitted throughout the year, its technical ability may not be as good as that of a project that submits high-quality code at one time.

Judging from the latest code update time of 32 public chain projects, nearly 50% of the public chains have submitted codes on the day of statistics (December 27). Among them, Bitcoin has been viewed 3505 times after the latest update. Ethereum and EOS were viewed 2014 and 1185 times respectively. In addition, only 4 public chain projects were last updated nearly a year ago, namely Bitcoin Diamond, Litecoin, MonaCoin and NEM, and the number of views after the update did not exceed 100.

According to statistics, Bitcoin has become the most active public chain project with a score of 9.7, followed by Ethereum and TRON, with weighted total scores of 5.3 and 4.2 respectively. Waves, OmiseGo and IOST are the three waist asset projects with the most active technology development, but the weighted total score is only 2.7 points. From the perspective of weighted value, Bitcoin stands out and is far ahead, Ethereum, TRON and EOS constitute the second echelon, while other public chains are much less active in technology development.

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2. Which public chain has the most social influence? The leading public chain has a good community foundation, but TRON is seriously "biased"

In addition to technology and market value, the influence of the public chain is also reflected in the attention of fans on various social channels. In particular, public chains advocate community autonomy, which determines that they must pay special attention to the promotion of various social channels and the operation of fans from the day of their establishment.

PAData has counted the number of fans of 35 public chain projects on Twitter and Reddit. The account selection criteria are based on the official social accounts. If individual projects do not have official social accounts, the official foundation social accounts or the social accounts of major community groups will be selected in turn. .

According to statistics, Twitter is an important community for public chain projects. The Twitter account with the largest number of followers is Bitcoin, with 997,400 followers, which is about to break through the million followers mark. Compared with PAData's statistics at the end of last year, Bitcoin gained about 67,400 fans in 2019, an increase of about 7.25%. Bitcoin has more subscribers on Reddit than Twitter, reaching 1.2 million. But it is worth mentioning that the holder of Bitcoin Twitter is still an anonymous person. Roger Ver, an early investor in Bitcoin and supporter of Bitcoin Cash, was once considered to be the operator of this account, but he tweeted on April 2018. After the account was briefly blocked in March, it was clarified that the owner of the account was a Bitcoin Cash investor who participated in Bitcoin investment in 2009.

TRON, Litecoin, and Ethereum have more followers on Twitter, with 491,700, 449,500, and 448,500 followers respectively. Among them, Ethereum and Litecoin also have a large number of Reddit fans, with 209,000 and 448,000 fans respectively. Litecoin is the public chain second only to Bitcoin in the number of fans on Reddit. TRON, on the other hand, is consistent with the previous year's statistics, and is still seriously "biased". The number of Reddit fans is only 71,700.

Among the domestic public chains, in addition to TRON, IOST, Qtum, and NEO also have more Twitter followers, all exceeding 170,000. These public chains generally have fewer fans on Reddit, which may be related to the radiation of Reddit itself. For domestic public chains, in order to cover domestic users, they often pay more attention to operating local communities such as Weibo. Before Weibo was banned, she was a big V on Weibo.

It is worth noting that Litecoin's technical development activity is low, but its fan base is large. In addition, the fan base of public chain projects with an earlier project establishment time tends to be better, while the fan base of newly developed projects is relatively weak. One possibility is that the blockchain industry has formed a certain circle after years of development, but the efforts to "get out of the circle" in the past two years have had little effect.

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3. Who is the most active public chain on the chain? Ethereum averages more transactions per day than Bitcoin

The launch of the mainnet of the public chain is just the beginning, and whether people will use it after the launch is the key. At present, blockchain technology has not yet been applied to commercial scenarios on a large scale, and the circulation of public chain tokens in exchanges may be the most important form of on-chain transactions. But in other words, this is also the minimum application threshold. If the native token of a public chain does not have secondary market liquidity, how can it be expected to have other application scenarios in the current environment?

PAData uses the annual average number of active addresses on the chain, the annual average number of daily transactions, and the annual average daily transaction volume to observe the on-chain transactions of the public chain. According to the data of the blockchain browser BitInfoCharts, only Including the chain data of 8 public chains within the scope of this statistics. Statistics show that Bitcoin has the largest number of daily active addresses throughout the year, exceeding 620,000. If the average daily active address is regarded as the average daily active user, it means that the daily activity of the Bitcoin network has reached 620,000. However, it should be pointed out that under the Bitcoin UTXO model, the change balance will automatically generate a new address, so the average daily active addresses here are likely to include these automatically generated addresses, resulting in the actual daily activity may be lower than this statistic number.

However, Bitcoin’s daily active addresses are much higher than the second-ranked Ethereum, which has an average daily average of 339,300. Therefore, even if the new addresses generated by the change balance are removed, Bitcoin is the public chain with the most daily active users.

Although the daily active address of Ethereum is not as good as that of Bitcoin, the average number of daily transactions is much higher than that of the Bitcoin network. According to statistics, the annual average daily transaction times of Ethereum reached about 667,000, while that of Bitcoin was only 328,400, and that of Bitcoin SV was only 142,900.

From the perspective of the annual average daily transaction volume, Bitcoin reached 32,700 US dollars, followed by Bitcoin Cash and Litecoin, which were about 24,800 US dollars and 10,900 US dollars respectively.

According to statistics, Bitcoin is the most active public chain with a weighted total score of 8.7, followed by Ethereum and Bitcoin Cash with a weighted total score of 57 and 3.3. Judging from the distribution of weighted total scores, Bitcoin is much higher than the second-ranked Ethereum, and Ethereum is much higher than other public chains, and the form of the level difference is more obvious than the activity of technology development and community activity.

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4. Who is the most ecologically prosperous public chain? There are many types of Ethereum and EOS, and the number of TRON transactions is high

DApp is an important part of the public chain ecology, but all public chains oriented to the C-end market have been built or are still working hard to build a DApp ecology. Although there are many public chains that build the DApp ecology, there are very few public chains that actually establish and prosper the ecology.

According to the statistics of DAppTotal, as of December 27, there were only 50 DApps on Ontology, a well-known domestic public chain. The application with the largest number of users is Yundoulong, with about 2810 active users in 7 days, but the application with the second largest number of users is 7 days There are only 613 active users, and the number of users and transactions of apps after the 10th place are all 0. The situation of IOST, another domestic public chain that claims to be an "ecological explosion", is similar. As of December 27, there are a total of 42 DApps. The number one application still has 2310 active users in 7 days, and the second one is only 571.30 There are basically no active users and on-chain transactions in open applications.

At present, the more prosperous public chains for DApps recognized by the market include Ethereum, EOS, and TRON. All major DApp information websites have included and monitored their DApps. PAData selected the top 100 DApps for analysis in DAppTotal's ranking list based on the number of users on December 27. According to statistics, Ethereum and EOS have rich DApp types, covering 8 types, while TRON’s DApp types only cover 5 types. Among them, games on Ethereum are still the largest type, accounting for 28 of the top 100, followed by exchanges and finance, accounting for 24 and 13 respectively. Both EOS and TRON are mainly lottery applications, with 31 and 44 applications respectively.

Since the overall performance of the DApp ecology of each public chain is greatly affected by the performance of the head application, from the perspective of the median performance that can better reflect the general level, the average number of users per DApp for 7 days (the "7-day user volume here" "Refers to the number of de-duplicated addresses that have interacted with the contract within 7 days) the largest is Ethereum, reaching 162 people (here it is assumed that one address corresponds to one person), followed by TRON, reaching 143.5 people.

From the perspective of the number of transactions, the total number of lottery and high-risk DApps accounted for nearly 3/4, and the average number of transactions per DApp in 7 days reached 1,995, followed by Ethereum, which reached 1,250.

Based on the observations made by PAData at the end of August 2019, the number of users and the number of transactions of DApps on Ethereum are basically stable, but the changes in EOS and TRON are more drastic. For example, the average number of DApps on EOS at the end of August There are still 222.5 users in the 7 days, but only 54.5 in this statistics. From this perspective, the Ethereum ecosystem is not only more prosperous, but also more stable.