Editors Note: This article comes fromimToken（ID：imToken）, published with permission.
, published with permission.
Web 3.0 ？
On June 18, the Polkadot mainnet officially entered the NPoS stage from the previous PoA stage, and the main title of its official website was also changed to Polkadot is live. This milestone of Polkadot is intended to provide a heterogeneous multi-chain blockchain ecological network for Web 3.0.
secondary title In recent years, with the rise of blockchain, artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies, Web 3.0 has also become a hot topic. Web 3.0 combined with various sophisticated technologies obviously has unlimited imagination, but what exactly is it? In the 1990s, the entire Internet gradually entered the so-called Web2.0 era from the email and static web page functions of Web1.0. The basic network protocol of this period realized the interaction between users and the network, and its functions presented instant messaging and multiple interactions. In recent years, with the popularity of blockchain, it can be seen that its development is becoming more and more diversified. More and more blockchain projects with unique directions or use cases are being developed. However, at present, the underlying protocols of the blockchain are generally criticized for low efficiency, unstable throughput, and difficulty in effectively connecting and communicating between multiple chains. Taking DeFi as an example, DeFi services may be built on Ethereum, but at the same time there is also a demand for Bitcoin access. For this, the current solution can only be the next best thing to perform network mapping. secondary title Polkadot Ethereum As a blockchain project released by Ethereum co-founder Gavin Wood and the Web3 Foundation, Polkadot has attracted much attention from the industry. Recently, the official changed the original cross-chain concept to a sharding protocol. The purpose is to create a decentralized network, so that everyone can seamlessly and trustlessly connect applications, network services or organizations, and conduct Communication and interaction. This is exactly the network world that Web3.0 needs to build. Polkadot uses a multi-chamber on-chain governance method called On-Chain Governance. It has several avenues for passing proposals. Such as on-chain councils, technical committees or the public. All proposals will eventually be decided by a referendum. In a referendum, the participation of a majority of tokens can control the outcome. For possible low turnout situations, Polkadot uses an adaptive quorum bias to set pass thresholds. secondary title What to expect from Polkadot From the comparison of the above two classic sharding protocol projects, we can have higher expectations for the solution of cross-chain problems between multiple chains in the future. Polkadots heterogeneous sharding protocol hopes to solve the problem of linking multiple blockchains from general chains to specific application chains, and can easily realize cross-chains within the ecosystem. The current Polkabot network is being launched in stages and has officially entered the NPoS stage. As of June 23, the number of active community verification nodes has increased from 20 to 102, thereby further decentralizing the network. In the NPoS phase, the main network will be run by a group of decentralized verification nodes, and the Web3 Foundation will use administrator privileges to increase the number of verification nodes in this group. After going through the third stage (Governance) and the fourth stage (Remove Sudo), the fifth stage will open the transfer function.If the blockchain wants to achieve the same high-speed development as Web 2.0 in the era of Web 3.0, it is necessary to solve the communication problem between different blockchain projects. For example, Polkadot, a blockchain ecological network that has been hotly discussed recently, adopts a sharding model that allows heterogeneous multi-chains.
Another difference lies in the upgrade of the system. Upgrades to Ethereum 2.0 will follow the normal hard fork process, requiring validators to upgrade their nodes to implement protocol changes. Polkadot, on the other hand, uses the Wasm meta-protocol, which allows chain upgrades to be performed without the use of hard forks.
