Coming soon? Vitalik interprets the development route of Ethereum 2.0
Editor's Note: This article comes fromCrypto Valley Live (ID: cryptovalley)Editor's Note: This article comes from
Crypto Valley Live (ID: cryptovalley)
, Author: ConsenSys, translation: Ling Jie, reproduced by Odaily with authorization.
The Ethereum founder's vision for the network and how to contribute to the development of the Beacon Chain in 2020.
What will happen in Ethereum 2020? In case you missed it, Vitalik Buterin tweeted out a roadmap of Ethereum's future development. Are you wondering what his graph means? And what to expect this year? The author annotated the link in the picture and previewed what Ethereum may usher in in 2020.
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Consolidation: Scaling Ethereum to Proof of Stake (POS) and Shards
The following figure is the roadmap for the transformation of Ethereum to 2.0
Phase 0 of Ethereum 2.0 (eth2.0) starts, and eth1.0 gradually converges to eth2.0 (giving up PoW) (this part is called the "core")."core"Phase 2 and subsequent development of Ethereum 2.0
The horizontal axis in the middle represents time. Along this axis is a
core
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, from the start of phase 0, to the start of phase 1, and then to the "merge of eth1->eth2". Merge has three dependencies.
The launch of the first phase of Ethereum 2.0
Through the merger of the two chains, the system will abandon the PoW chain. Users will no longer need to run both the Ethereum 1.0 client and the Ethereum 2.0 client to track both blockchains. The consensus mechanism of Ethereum 2.0 will be transformed into PoS. There will be an Ethereum consisting of Beacon Chain and shard chains. The state of Eth1 is stored on shard 0 (Shard 0), and users can continue to conduct transactions and use applications.
The merging of the two chains is a giant leap forward in the scalability of Ethereum. To make the merge possible and perform it safely requires a lot of engineering. The three dependencies mentioned above categorize most of the work involved in merging.
There is much to discuss about the merger of the two chains and other projects, but this article will focus on the "core" and "eth1. We start with Ethereum 2.0 phase 0 first.
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Phase 0 of Ethereum 2.0
The most likely to be put into use in Ethereum 2020 is the beacon chain.
Phase 0 includes a running PoS network, but does not yet include sharding or the ability to process transactions (other than validator operations)
Deploy the Ethereum 2.0 mortgage contract (deposit contract) on the Ethereum 1.0 main network
At least 2 (preferably 3) Ethereum 2.0 client teams are able to release production versions of their software.
Once the staking contract is released, there are at least 16,384 validators staking in the contract (staking at least 524,288 ETH)
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Why Ethereum 2020 makes the Beacon Chain possible?
Contributors from the Ethereum Foundation and other teams (e.g. Artemis, Harmony, Lodestar, Nethermind, Parity) also participated, as well as businesses building Staking-as-a-Service, and Some "newcomers". Some audit work has also been completed.
The mission to deliver the Beacon Chain in 2020 is clear and focused. Most work is also done in a distributed fashion.
From a socio-economic perspective, an Annual Percentage Rate (APR) of over 20% is an attractive rate for free market organization and activation of 16,384 validators (524,288 ETH staked). (The more verifiers, the lower the annual interest rate)
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The production version of the beacon chain client is expected to be released after more reviews, and the multi-client testnet will be stable for a while; the single-client testnet is already stable, although more optimization and testing under high load is required run.
More contributors are always welcome. Areas of contribution include client-side peer-to-peer networking, client-side interoperability, and common aspects of client-side and network testing, security, performance, and stability.
For experts in hacking, security, VM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) and smart contracts, the work of reviewing deposit contracts and Runtime Verification (formal verification projects for dynamic analysis audits such as Ethereum) is the most important of. Although the bytecode has not yet been deployed on the mainnet, since there will be no changes to the staking contract, the work can start ahead of schedule.
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Ethereum 1.x needs help
The top part of the graph "eth1.x other" is the project related to the current Ethereum mainnet
The BLS12-381 precompile has been supported by Alex Vlasov of the Matter Labs team for several months, and EIP 2537 is well underway. EIP 2537 adds support for the BLS12-381 curve that eth2 is using and will enable smart contracts to be light clients for eth2. With precompilation, new smart contracts can be written to verify data from eth2 shards. The launch of Ethereum 2.0 Phase 1 will introduce sharding, which will improve data availability for Ethereum 1.0 rollups. A rollup is a smart contract that takes most of the computation and storage off-chain, but some data remains on-chain for later use. Rollups are more scalable if they are not limited by data availability. With Alex Vlasov, the BLS12-381 precompilation looks likely to be available in 2020 (maybe even before the beacon chain).
EIP-1559 is exciting for users because they can ignore the gas price setting, while at the same time rest assured that they will not pay excessive fees or worry about transactions being unfairly delayed. EIP mentions: "It is expected that most users will not have to manually adjust gas fees, even when the network is busy." In addition, EIP1559 also involves burning some fees to offset the inflation of ETH without greatly reducing miner rewards. Some work has been done since EIP1559 was proposed a year ago. Unfortunately, there is currently no owner for this EIP.
Account abstraction allows the creation of accounts with any logical authorization. This increased flexibility could be far-reaching. Here is a simple example. A multi-signature smart contract wallet can use existing funds to pay for gas fees. Once the wallet is created and funded, there is no need for a separate ETH account to interact with the wallet and pay fees. Account abstraction dates back to 2015, but a proposal a month ago provided an opportunity for 2020 to make it happen.
secondary title"Kudos to the Geth team"Last week was Geth's 164th release on Github. Let's not forget that the Geth team continues to release new features, improvements, and optimizations for Geth. It's easy to take their work for granted. Credits (in alphabetical order): Guillaume Ballet, Zsolt Felföldi, Felix Lange, Gary Rong, Adam Schmideg, Martin Holst Swende, Péter Szilágyi!
Shanghai attacks
(with former teammates Nick Johnson and Jeffrey Wilcke).
A few months ago, Péter was a guest at a ConsenSys developer roundtable. He shares some thoughts on eth2, statelessness, incentivizing contributors, and appreciating people (starting around minute 49 of the video). Thanks to Péter for the reminder, and to Péter and the rest of the team for their great work and dedication.
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Ethereum's moves and subsequent developments in 2020
Currently, things that can happen in Ethereum are roughly as follows:
1. The beacon chain (Ethereum 2.0) will be launched in 2020
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2. Precompile BLS12–381 in 2020 (it may be completed before the launch of the beacon chain)
3. If EIP 1559 and account abstraction can have owners, then they may also be implemented in 2020
4. Ethereum enters the first phase
