How does Ethereum 2.0 achieve "swipe card level" speed?
Editor's Note: This article comes fromHoneycomb Finance News (ID: fengchao-caijing), Author: JX kin, reproduced by Odaily with authorization.
Editor's Note: This article comes from
Honeycomb Finance News (ID: fengchao-caijing)
, Author: JX kin, reproduced by Odaily with authorization.
There is no Ethereum that can be halved in 2020, and there are also many stories to tell.
Two days ago, the Ethereum community released the 2.0 Phase 0 (phase 0) code specification version. Some new ideas have begun to be implemented, but the specific launch time of the new version has not yet been finalized. "It is either the first quarter or the second quarter. There is no The specific time." Vitalik Buterin replied in the Chinese community.
Ethereum, which has evolved to 2.0, will be a new network system. Under the existing foundation, the consensus protocol Casper and sharding technology will be implemented. The complexity of technology also means that the development difficulty is increasing.
Whether the brand-new Ethereum can be implemented is related to whether the public chain can get out of the "impossible triangle" dilemma, which in turn affects whether commercial applications can be developed on it.
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"Phase 0" code specification released
On January 13, Weiss Crypto Ratings, a cryptocurrency rating agency, tweeted a message about Ethereum 2.0, "V God revealed that when Ethereum 2.0 is fully implemented, the time required to confirm transactions will be reduced from Minutes are reduced to 3 to 6 seconds - about the time it takes to swipe a card."
Two days ago, Ethereum's Github code base showed that the community had released version 2.0 of the Phase 0 (Phase 0) code specification, the version number was v0.10.0, and the important information was that the "new BLS standard" would be integrated into Ethereum 2.0 specification. Eric Conner, the founder of Ethhub, also said that this version of the code specification will be audited soon, and it will be the basis for the future multi-client test network.
BLS is a signature algorithm proposed by Dan Boneh, Ben Lynn and Hovav Shacham of Stanford University. This signature algorithm can aggregate multiple signatures into one signature and multiple keys into one key. When multiple verifiers have to sign the block, the BLS aggregation algorithm can not only ensure the security of the system, but also save storage space. The BLS signature algorithm is also the basis for Ethereum to move from the PoW (Proof of Computing Power) mechanism to the PoS (Proof of Stake) mechanism.
Eight mainstream currencies such as BTC, BCH, and Dash will enter a development cycle of halving their output in 2020. For Ethereum, which is not halved, the new year is equally important. Whether the 2.0 version can be launched smoothly is not only related to the breakthrough progress of the king of the public chain, but also to verify whether the public chain can be energy-saving and safe. Achieve high performance.
The "impossible triangle of public chain" problem is also one of the exploration directions of Ethereum 2.0, especially to solve the problem of network congestion, because it is directly related to the implementation of some high-frequency trading applications on Ethereum.
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Ethereum 2.0 Goals
According to the community's plan, Ethereum 2.0 is not an upgrade and patch on the current version 1.0, but a new network system under a comprehensive revision and redesign, which will bring the implementation of sharding technology, proof of rights and interests, and a new virtual machine (eWASM), etc. Variety.
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"Modification consensus + sharding technology" speeds up
Currently, version 2.0 has 9 independent development teams working together. In terms of solving performance problems, Ethereum 2.0 points the technical solution to the modification of the consensus protocol and the realization of fragmentation technology.
The current Ethereum, like Bitcoin, uses the PoW consensus mechanism. The new Ethereum will shift from the PoW consensus mechanism to the PoS consensus protocol.
Compared with PoW, which compares computing power to determine the node verification right, the advantage of PoS is that the nodes participating in the verification are limited, and the confirmation speed will be increased.
For example, a DApp can have a complete shard, and all verifications related to it are only located on this shard, and the nodes in the shard do not need to verify the data of other shards to confirm the completion of the transaction.
Under the PoW consensus mechanism, Ethereum has only one longest chain as the main chain. The Ethereum 2.0 network has a beacon chain and 1024 shard chains, and these different shard chains can communicate with each other. As the core chain, the beacon chain coordinates the fragmentation chain to achieve expansion.
After the launch of Ethereum 2.0, the current version of ETH reward assets and data on the chain will be migrated. Data migration can be achieved through two-way bridging and one-way bridging. In this regard, the community's current suggestion is to transfer the state of the Eth1.0 chain to the on-chain shard of Eth2.0 in phase 2, so as to ensure that all information of the Eth1.0 chain is available on the Eth2.0 chain.
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Advantages and disadvantages of one-way bridging and two-way bridging
