A "bridge of peace" between Ethereum Classic and Ethereum

This article is from:Hashpie (ID: hashpie), author: not broken, forwarded with authorization.

"This article is from:"

Hashpie (ID: hashpie)

Hashpie (ID: hashpie)", author: not broken, forwarded with authorization."The concept of a single blockchain winning does not reflect the entire history of human progress, at such an early stage of technology, fierce competition means nothing to us, we should behave more like relatives than sworn enemies.

—Bob Summerwill, Executive Director, ETC Cooperative"Ethereum Classic is like another Ethereum blockchain that lived in parallel time and space after the 1,920,000th block in 2016. After experiencing financial difficulties and 51% attacks, it still survived tenaciously. Although after the split, the pair living in parallel spaces"There are occasional freezing points in their relationship, but more and more details show that they seem to be more willing to break down barriers and move forward hand in hand.

On the afternoon of March 1st, Ethereum Classic officially announced on Twitter:

The ETC-ETH peacebridge is nearing completion.

It is also equipped with a demonstration video of staking, coinage and transfer. Ethereum Classic will be tokenized on the Ethereum blockchain through cross-chain technology based on the POA mechanism.

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• What is ETC-ETH PeaceBridge

• PeaceBridge is actually a continuation of the PeaceRelay project. In mid-2017, Loi Luu, the founder of the Ethereum decentralized trading platform Kyber Network, first proposed the concept of PeaceRelay at the IC3 Ethereum training camp. PeaceRelay is a smart contract system that allows users to communicate across the evm-chain (Ethereum virtual machine blockchain) using relay contracts that can be verified through the merkle-patricia proof mechanism State, transactions and deposits within a block to allow users to transfer different tokens on any EVM chain. Later, Akomba Labs, Kyber Network and ETCCooperative collaborated to develop PeaceBridge.

• The function of PeaceBridge is similar to that of PeaceRelay, which can realize the intercommunication between ETC and ETH chains, but the difference is that PeaceBridge uses the POA (Proof-of-Authority) authoritative verification mechanism. It introduces a trustless custodian, uses a co-signed escrow mechanism to verify transactions between the two chains, and completes a series of mortgages, minting and deposits through a set of smart contracts deployed on the two chains operate. Among them, the custodian can be regarded as a service provider that provides signatures and guarantees asset security, such as Kyber. When we cannot distinguish which transaction on the cross-chain is correct, the custodian will be punished for illegal signing, and the corresponding signature The amount will also be deducted from his assets.

  

• We can describe Alice's transfer from ETC to ETH to Bob through PeaceBridge as follows:

• The custodian mortgages α ETC to the deposit contract on the Ethereum classic chain (users mortgage tokens on this chain to trade on the external chain), where α is the upper limit of the deposit amount in the deposit contract;

• The custodian creates a token contract on the Ethereum chain, in which ERC721 standard TETC tokens can be minted, and each coinage will generate an indivisible TETC with a unique ID;

If Alice wants to use X TETC on the Ethereum main chain, then she needs to first mint X TETC-A using the token contract on the Ethereum main chain, then deposit the same amount of ETC into the deposit contract and claim her minted TETC ( The purpose of depositing after minting coins here is to prevent others from maliciously stealing publicly released deposits and using them to mint tokens that have not been paid by themselves);

Alice initiates a transfer request, applying to send her TETC-A token to Bob (the value of declaredNonce is 1 at this time);

• The custodian approves Alice's transfer request, and co-signs the transfer TETC-A when declaredNonce=1;

• The ownership of TETC-A is successfully transferred to Bob, and the transaction value transferNonce of TETC-A changes from 0 to 1 (transferNonce indicates the number of transfers, and the value will increase by 1 for each approved transfer after that, and a timetable will be established in the custody chain);

• In addition to the issue of cross-chain transactions, we also need to pay attention to the withdrawal process. How does PeaceBridge ensure the consistency of transactions on the two chains?

• First, when Alice wants to get back her original deposit, she needs to submit the following information to the deposit contract:

ID of the TETC token

The hash value of the rawTxBundle package

and the number of transactions of TETC-A tokens

If the custodian and the penultimate owner of the tokens sign the withdrawal request, the deposit contract starts a challenge period during which anyone can submit a proof that the withdrawer is doing A fraudulent withdrawal. If the evidence provided by the challenger can be confirmed by the timetable in the custody chain, then he will get the funds requested by the withdrawer.

Of course, in the process of initiating the challenge, in addition to bearing the gas cost required in the process, the challenger also needs to pledge 20% of the deposit of the withdrawer. This can prevent the slowdown of the PeaceBridge transaction caused by malicious challenges. In addition, if you can provide a deposit contract signed by more than one custodian for the same token to prove that the custodian illegally double-signed, then the contract will deduct the deposit of TETC-A and the equivalent deposit on the ETC chain from the custodian’s account . Here, the amount of the penalty will increase linearly with the number of illegal signings, so as to reduce the possibility of double spending.

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An ice-breaking tour of Ethereum and Ethereum Classic

Therefore, we often say that the contradiction between ETC and ETH is mainly in ideology. In terms of security, decentralization and immutability, the two teams have different priorities. V God, who pays more attention to security, even said when The DAO hard fork just happened: "Those who claim that the blockchain is absolutely unchangeable are too ridiculous. If you follow the immutability, you will put everything' in danger." situation', then this feature itself is worthless." Ethereum Classic, as the party that has been at a disadvantage in terms of attention and market value after the fork, remained cautious towards the end of 2018.

At the end of October 2018, ETH offered a friendly olive branch to ETC. Virgil Griffith, head of special projects at the Ethereum Foundation, posted on Medium that in order to further strengthen the friendly cooperation between the two communities, the Ethereum Foundation decided to donate 15,000 ETC to the ETC Cooperative. However, Donald McIntyre, the business manager of Ethereum Classic, said, "This donation is not good news for ETC." He believes that this donation may be capitalized by ETH, and the information of Ethereum Classic will further Being blurred, the positioning of ETC may also be adversely affected.

However, if we put aside the ideological differences, we can find that the similarities between ETC and ETH far outweigh the differences. First of all, the blockchain codes of ETC and ETH are basically the same, and they share the ledger records before the fork; second, the current functions of both parties are implemented based on the Ethereum virtual machine, and the technical similarity is the relationship between the two communities. The basics of breaking the ice."image description

Bob Summerwill on the left in the picture above

Stevan Lohja, technical coordinator at Ethereum Classic Labs, said:"The relationship between ETC and ETH is improving. ETC Coop, ETC Labs Core, and ETC Labs are working with people from ETH, and Bob Summerwill is not the first and will not be the last ETH developer to contribute to the ETC project."secondary title

Independent or cooperative? this is a problem

But there are also people who are opposed to cooperation. Donald McIntyre, former business development manager of the ETCDev project, said:

He believes that any attempt to cooperate with Ethereum has the potential to dilute the network effect of ETC.

Judging from the development process of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and most projects, the history of blockchain is a process of continuous ideological differentiation and continuous splitting of community teams. With the continuous upgrading of technology and concepts, more and more blockchain projects with similar genes but different routes have begun to appear. Whether it is the transmission of information, the use of tokens or transactions on exchanges, the increase in currency will only increase the complexity of user operations.

Therefore, in the face of many independent blockchains, breaking the island of information and value is our most urgent need, so we have reason to look forward to the emergence of more "bridges of peace" to create a more integrated and interoperable system to improve our blockchain experience. For some small development teams, this may mean the shackles of growing the community, but from the perspective of user experience and the development of the blockchain industry, cross-chain transactions, tokenization on large blockchains, different teams The increase in technical cooperation between companies is undoubtedly a major trend in the future.

Just like BTC Relay has built a bridge between Bitcoin and Ethereum, allowing users to lock BTC and issue ETHBTC on the Ethereum blockchain; RSK has built a side chain smart contract on Bitcoin to realize the integration with Bitcoin. Two-way anchoring; Loopring issued LRC on Ethereum based on Wanchain to support cross-chain transactions..."Image source: V God Twitter"

References:

[1] Loi Luu，《peacerelay README》，GitHub

[2] Ben, Zhen, Ying Tong，《peaceBridge: Connecting Ethereum Classic and Ethereum》，medium.com

[3] Gerelyn Terzo，《Two Ethereums Stop Not Talking To Each Other》，cryptobriefing.com