Original author: 0x finley, AC Capital Research
Games have always been considered as one of the core narratives in the Crypto world. Concepts such as gathering more Web2 traffic, ownership of game assets, verifiable data on the chain, global players online together, and unified currency payment all meet the pain points of investors and users . In the last bull market, Gamefi attracted a large number of users through the monetization of game assets and props. Projects represented by Axie and Stepn had a wide range of circle-breaking effects. However, the Ponzi model of Play to earn could not escape the fate of the death spiral , and because of the heavy financial gameplay, many real players are discouraged.
From the perspectives of on-chain data verification, ownership, and asset programmable, full-chain games have quietly emerged. This concept, which has not yet entered the users field of vision on a large scale, has become an important topic in the eyes of some OG, senior Gamefi enthusiasts, and investors. A track with great potential.
Full-chain games generally refer to a type of game that deploys the core gameplay, game logic, and game assets on the chain, that is, On-Chain Game. The full-chain game has the characteristics of high degree of decentralization, fair and transparent game mechanism, openness and composability. There are already many popular science articles about the full-chain game market, so I won’t repeat them here.
Limited by the performance problems of the underlying infrastructure, most of the previous mainstream blockchain game developers executed the game behavior off-chain, and only uploaded the final results related to assets. For full-chain games, at this stage, they still cannot escape the limitation of on-chain performance. If all game actions are on-chain, it is doomed to be a lightweight game mode.
01 Gaming may be the core gameplay of the whole chain game-Battle To Play model
What kind of game mode may be a new way of playing the whole chain game? We propose the Battle To Play model, that is, the game between users and game mechanics or game play between users.
First of all, if a gameplay is lightweight, it requires a fair and transparent mechanism, and it needs the privacy and high liquidity of Token? Thats Gambling-style games. Since the game system is all on-chain, the entire gameplay, mechanism design, and game data can be verified to avoid unfair behavior to the greatest extent.
It would be even more perfect with the support of ZKP technology. The system can use ZKP technology to prove the randomness of the game, and can also ensure that the results of user input and output cannot be cheated. For example, chess and card games are invisible to users and third parties. Under the circumstances, random shuffling and dealing of cards can be realized, and it is only visible when the user gets his own hand card, which will provide a fairer and safer game environment for the Gambling game, and the same game developers You can also access privacy-related settings to protect the privacy of users accounts, funds, and transactions.
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new value flows
Users can gain a sense of accomplishment and even benefits by playing against the game mechanism or other users, similar to the traditional PVE challenge and PVP mode. In this case, integrating the Gambling gameplay, the value flow will become:
The confrontation with the game mechanism will be similar to our PVE mode in traditional games. Game developers design various challenging levels to attract players. Players can bet for themselves, to challenge the level, or for others Bet, the winner will get the reward in the bonus pool, and the smart contract guarantees the smooth settlement after each game. The advantage of this mode is that for players, not only can they get the pleasure after winning the challenge, but also gain economic benefits and even fan groups; for developers, it is to present their own whimsy as a gameplay In front of the players, it realizes the direct benefit by designing challenging gameplay, no longer limited to the in-app purchase of props and skins in the game or advertising revenue, etc. Of course, how to balance the difficulty and the benefits obtained by the players successful challenge is the key. .
The confrontation between players is similar to the PVP mode. The results of this mode are more unpredictable, the gameplay is more diverse and more enjoyable. For example, in traditional games, there is a type of game called asymmetric competition, which emphasizes strong gameplay and Players operate such as Death by Daylight and Fifth Personality, Dune and Warcraft that emphasize more strategic gameplay, and those that emphasize logical reasoning and performances such as Werewolf Killing and Goose and Duck Killing. All games are designed using the Battle to play mode, and in the Web3 world, players from different chains and communities are likely to participate in the game and bet on the game as both sides of the battle. For users , defeating the opposing player may be more rewarding than completing a challenging level. For developers, which type of game to choose not only needs to consider the attractiveness of the fair game mechanism to players, but also avoids the misunderstanding of the social leisure type. Lightweight does not mean social leisure. At this stage, social casual games and on-chain are essentially Social and leisure focus on emotional connection and user experience, while games on the chain are difficult to satisfy.
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new profit model
For a game:
First: Either attract players through gameplay, let players obtain visual, sensory and spiritual pleasure from the game, and then make them recognize the gameplay and culture of the game, remain loyal to the IP, and then guide them to be Payment for game props and game assets.
Second: Either players can earn money through their own efforts, skills, or investments in the game.
Traditional games pay more attention to the former and combine the latter to a certain extent. The main profit method is the buyout system or in-game purchases; the Play to earn game model is designed from the latter, and the main profit method is tokens/NFT sales and transaction fee income.
In the Battle to play mode, developers have a new way of making money, earning commissions through the gameplay itself, and at the same time, developers can also price in tiers. Players with stronger proficiency and profitability may participate in the game. Faced with higher ticket costs, of course, the honor and income of these players will increase accordingly.
03 What kind of chemical reaction will happen if we add the characteristics of openness and composability?
Due to its high degree of openness, full-chain games have maximized the potential of UGC. Developers only need to define the original operating rules of the game, and the community can carry out secondary development of functions and components on this basis, similar to our Mod functions that are common in traditional game time, but with higher degrees of freedom, native integration with game assets, and less susceptible to centralized auditing. For example, in Dark forest, players can use community-deployed contracts to assist in exploration and collection Resources, such as Crawl Planets, capture the Odaily near the selected Odaily with one click; Distribute Silver, automatically distribute the selected silver mine to the surrounding Odaily. Since all game logic is on-chain, developers cannot stop players.
Defi Summer was started by AMM, but its development and growth is due to the continuous nesting of dolls with mainstream assets as the underlying collateral, and various modes of mining, lending, and leverage emerge in endlessly. Assets are constantly flowing between different protocols to capture value, and the composability between protocols is indispensable. Similar to Defi, game characters and props can also be combined with each other, which means that the idea of building a large number of games and other derivative products based on a set of assets has gradually become feasible. A typical representative is a series of Loot based Derived content: Realms, Crypts and Caverns, Loot Character; and the Treasure DAO game ecology on Arbitrum.
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The backend needs ZKP technology and multi-chain compatible technology
ZKP technology, that is, zero-knowledge proof, may have a significant impact on the game in terms of scalability, privacy, and fairness.
First of all, the current online game architecture is mostly a client-server game architecture. Players important information will be stored in the server, and the state between players also needs to be synchronized through the server. In the case of using ZKP, the client does not need to save The data can verify the important information of the user, and even realize the P2P game information sharing between players. Since it is verified by ZKP, the game information will comply with the rules.
ZKP allows users to verify without displaying information externally, so in game types such as battle, matching, strategy, and Gambling, players personal ability information, user data and other private information and even game strategies can be well protected.
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The front end requires a simpler and easier-to-use client
Since the current full-chain game is in the early stage, developers focus more on the rules of smart contracts, the interface for on-chain interaction, and the interface displayed on the front end. Get started threshold. When the full-chain game attracts a larger number of users, the front-end display will be a very important part. Of course, we have reason to believe that with the gradual expansion of the game community and the gradual increase of contributors and loyal players, this problem can be well resolved.
Reference link:
Reference link:
https://aiko.substack.com/p/84 b
https://www.defidaonews.com/article/6797362
https://medium.com/id-theory/pureplay-on-chain-games-74169 a 38484 a
https://hackmd.io/@_AaHqx 7 cQt 2 u 0 _TeMIC 5 hQ/BkUx 3 g 6 ho
https://volt.capital/blog/the-future-of-on-chain-gaming
https://jumpcrypto.com/defining-on-chain-gaming/
https://www.binance.com/vi/feed/post/151533
https://messari.io/report/analyzing-market-potential-of-fully-on-chain-games
https://cryptoslate.com/why-the-future-of-gaming-will-be-on-chain/
