The author Adam Steeber, a veteran of cryptocurrency, a Kusama verification node operator, and a deep participant in the Polkadot ecosystem, is committed to popularizing cryptocurrency knowledge.

Calamari's Technology

Calamari is a decentralized transaction/payment network that allows users to mint digital currency assets such as KSM or BTC on public ledgers into privacy tokens. These privacy tokens can be used to transfer or exchange for other privacy tokens without leaving any address information. Calamari is the pioneer network of Manta, which was launched on Kusama before Manta was launched on Polkadot. After Calamari goes online, it will provide two products: MariPay and MariSwap. This will be the only case in the Kusama ecosystem that provides private payment and transactions based on zkSNARK. Calamari will provide an exciting solution to the privacy-poor Kusama ecosystem.

zkSNARK (Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Proof) is a protocol that allows a subject to prove knowledge of knowledge without revealing the knowledge itself. If you are wondering about this, let me give a simple example:

I am an expert at spotting real and fake diamonds at a glance. One day, you brought artificial diamonds and real diamonds that were cut into the same shape and came to me to distinguish real from fake. I want to prove to you that I can tell the truth from the fake, but I won't tell you how. After all, if others know the method, I will lose my job. So, I ask you to put one in each hand and hide your hands behind your back. You can also choose whether to exchange things in your hands, but don't tell me. Then, I will ask you to show me what is in your hand, and I can tell whether you have exchanged behind your back. If I get it right, there is a 50% chance that I can tell the real from the fake, and repeat this 100 times, and if I get it right every time, it proves that I can really tell the difference.

If you are still curious about zero-knowledge proofs, you can learn more through this video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUs1bH85X9I

coin

coin

First, the user holds token A1:

• 'A' represents the type of token, such as KSM

• The subscript '1' represents the public address PAddrA1 and the amount of tokens deposited

Please note that token A1 is a single token defined by the user's public address, here we assume that the number of tokens deposited is 20.

The user pays a certain fee to obtain a private and safe random sample, from which a private address can be obtained. Three anonymous functions are derived from this private address: PRFaddr( ), PRFvn( ), and PRFpk( ). The abbreviations stand for address, invalid number, and proving key, respectively.

For brevity, here we only look at the first two functions. Remember, this last feature is integral to generating hashes in the process of redeeming privacy tokens for public tokens.

The user also sets up a public proving address (such as your Calamari public address, PRFaddr(0) can generate a key pair between the private address and the proving address.

The user deposits 20 tokens A into the address, and the following information is generated:

The user pays a certain fee to extract a certain number ⲣ to be used as the void number of the privacy coin minted later. The invalid number is generated by pseudo-random PRFvn(ⲣ).

Users then create a non-interactive commitment scheme by sampling a random value r to cover up their proving address and ⲣ in artifact k. Therefore, when r is unified with the verification address or ⲣ, k becomes open (the commitment is verified and the hidden information is exposed).

The user then creates another non-interactive commitment scheme, by sampling a random value s to hide the storage quantity, artifact_k, and asset id inside the artifact. When s is unified with any of the hidden information, _cm1 is turned on. Finally, the privacy token pCoin1 is defined by the verified address, the asset id “CoinA,” the deposit amount (eg 20), ⲣ, r, s, and cm1.

Once this part of information is created, the user publishes a minting transaction from his public address, including the following information:

• Asset id: Token A

• Amount of public tokens deposited

• commitment scheme k

• cm1 Seed_s_

• commitment scheme cm1

Note that the commitment scheme k cannot be opened with information from the transaction alone, which effectively hides the proof address and provides privacy for the user. The Calamari blockchain reads this transaction and updates the chain state accordingly:

• CMList is a ledger of all non-interactive commitment schemes, updated to include cm1

• VNList is a ledger of all published void numbers used to prevent double-spending attacks

• pCoinA is the sum of all privacy coins of type A in the ledger

TRANSFER transfer

Now suppose a user wishes to transfer a newly minted privacy coin to his friend, which requires some offline collaboration from both parties to accomplish. First, the receiver creates a new key pair to generate a verification address, minting the privacy token stored in the sender's account in advance. The receiver creates two kinds of commitments: k-new comes from a random seed r-new, cm2 comes from a random seed s-new. cm2 hides the asset id., the transaction amount (20 in this case is 20), And the commitment artifact k-new.

The recipient shares _s-_new, _k-_new and their verification address with the sender, all of which are privately done offline (please note that the shared information is non-identifying, one-time, so it can be shared in a trustless remain private). With this information, the sender initiates a transfer containing:

• Ledger status

• void number associated with the sender's privacy token

• cm2

• Non-interactive zero-knowledge proof, which can ensure that the sender knows the necessary information when submitting the transaction

The ledger is updated to include cm2, vn1, and proof of transfer, effectively putting funds into the receiver's proof key without exposing it, invalidating the sender's privacy coin, and proving to everyone that the transfer was sound and valid.
KMA token

KMA tokenKMA is Calamari's utility token that powers its governance, block security and privacy products. The total amount of Calamari tokens will be 10 billion, and no amount will be allocated to private investors and teams, so it is more beneficial to early participants. Calamari's strategy is to hope that the community will lead the token, and the decentralized token model is very similar to Moonriver.

Like other parachains in the Kusama ecosystem, KMA will maintain the security of the Calamari network by paying collators and verifiers transfer fees. In addition, KMA will also be used for technical governance. In addition to these functions, you can also use KMA for private minting, transfers, transactions, and redemptions. MariPay and MariSwap will provide users with a simple and convenient functional interface. Because there is no inflation mechanism, KMA is essentially a deflationary token. While this is good for early adopters, it does not guarantee consistent rewards for validators, however as more people use the Calamari network, the rewards for validators will become more stable.

Crowd Loan Rewards

• Up to 30% of the total amount of tokens, which is 3 billion KMA

• 1:10,000 Token Rewards

• The first hard cap of 1 billion tokens, 100,000 KSM (slot 6)

• The second hardcap is 2 billion tokens, 200,000 KSM (slot 7)

• 3rd hardcap 3 billion tokens, 300,000 KSM (slot 8 and onwards)

• 34% of the crowd loan rewards will be released after the transfer is enabled, and the remaining 66% will be unlocked in equal amounts every 8 weeks 11%

Calamari guarantees that crowdlending participants will receive 10,000 KMA for every 1 KSM contribution. Since they have a high probability of winning slot 7, we can be sure that a maximum of 2 billion KMA will be allocated. The remaining 10% will be locked for future auctions, let's take a look at the possible revenue results of KMA:

As can be seen from the graph, even if the price of KSM soars, as long as the price of KMA is above $0.01, the return on pledge is positive. Of course, the price of KMA may also be below $0.01, we will wait and see.

overall assessment

Risk: low
Rate of Return: High
Innovation: High
Applicability: high

For me, Calamari is by far my favorite parachain project in the Kusama ecosystem. The privacy of the public during token transfers and transactions is a very strong demand at a time when government taxation and supervision are becoming increasingly stringent. Calamari's technology proves mathematically and logically that the team can bring privacy solutions to the Kusama ecosystem. That's why I think Calamari's risk of failure is relatively low.

About Calamari Network

Original link:https://adam-steeber.medium.com/calamari-8bcde23ce069

About Calamari Network

Manta's founding team consists of several cryptocurrency veterans, professors, and academics whose experience includes Harvard, MIT, and Algorand. Manta’s advisors include Hypersphere Ventures co-founder Jack Platts, Polychain partner Tekin Salimi, former Web3 Foundation co-founder Ashley Tyson, Consensys’ Shuyao Kong.

About Manta Network

Manta Network is Polkadot's first on-chain privacy protection project. It provides DeFi users with the highest security level of on-chain privacy protection through the cryptographic technology zkSNARK, aiming to become the privacy protection infrastructure of the entire decentralized finance. Manta’s early products include MantaPay, a private payment protocol, and MantaSwap, the first private DEX protocol in the Polkadot ecosystem. Based on the Substrate framework, Manta can provide plug-and-play privacy protection services for the entire Polkadot ecosystem.

Manta's founding team consists of several cryptocurrency veterans, professors, and academics whose experience includes Harvard, MIT, and Algorand. Manta’s advisors include Hypersphere Ventures co-founder Jack Platts, Polychain partner Tekin Salimi, former Web3 Foundation co-founder Ashley Tyson, Consensys’ Shuyao Kong.

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